Question 1

When does the body experience the highest rates of glycogen storage?
A) at rest
B) during high-intensity exercise
C) a few hours after exercising
D) 30 hours after exercising

Accepted Answer

The body experiences the highest rates of glycogen storage a few hours after exercising, as the muscles are more sensitive to insulin and the glycogen synthase enzyme is more active, promoting glycogen replenishment.

Question 2

George plays basketball for his high school team, and he is concerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to support his activity. Which of the following would be the BEST indicator that he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?
A) impaired performance on the court
B) weight loss
C) low blood glucose levels
D) low hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

Weight loss would be the best indicator that George is not consuming enough kilocalories, as it indicates that his body is burning more calories than it is taking in. Impaired performance on the court or low blood glucose levels could also indicate low energy levels, but they are not as reliable indicators as weight loss. Low hemoglobin, on the other hand, is a measure of red blood cell function and is not directly related to calorie intake.

Question 3

Elisa is a gymnast who trains on average for two hours each day. She supports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories per day. What is the minimum number of kilocalories she should consume from carbohydrates?
A) 1,050 kcal
B) 1,125 kcal
C) 1,580 kcal
D) 1,790 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elisa is a gymnast who trains on...

Question 4

Jorge is a weight lifter who believes that consuming large amounts of protein-rich foods will increase his muscle mass. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Jorge's protein needs?
A) It is a good practice for Jorge to consume a minimum of 2 grams of protein/kilogram of body weight to increase his muscle mass.
B) Jorge cannot meet his protein needs without taking protein supplements.
C) It is impossible for Jorge to get adequate amounts of protein without eating meat, fish, and poultry.
D) Jorge can meet his protein needs by consuming a healthy, balanced diet that is calorically sufficient to meet his activity level.

Accepted Answer

Jorge can meet his protein needs by consuming a healthy, balanced diet that is calorically sufficient to meet his activity level. Consuming excessive amounts of protein does not necessarily lead to increased muscle mass and can even be harmful to overall health. Additionally, there are many plant-based sources of protein that can provide adequate amounts for muscle growth, such as beans, lentils, tofu, and nuts.

Question 5

Fatty-acid molecules provide MOST of the energy for
A) high-intensity, short-term activity.
B) long-term activity such as hiking.
C) participation in a marathon.
D) sprinting in a 1500-meter race.

Accepted Answer

Fatty-acid molecules are primarily used for long-term, low-intensity activities such as hiking. High-intensity activities such as sprinting and participating in a marathon rely more on carbohydrates for energy.

Question 6

Andrea thinks that carbohydrate loading could be beneficial to her. Which of the following statements is FALSE about this practice?
A) Carbohydrate loading is appropriate in endurance activities such as a marathon.
B) Carbohydrate loading may cause water retention.
C) Carbohydrate loading maximizes glycogen stores.
D) Carbohydrate loading is helpful for moderately intense physical activity to maintain fitness.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate loading is typically recommended for endurance athletes engaging in prolonged exercise, such as a marathon, and not for moderately intense physical activity to maintain fitness. Therefore, statement D is false. Statements A, B, and C are true.

Question 7

Petra is a long-distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 60 kg (132 lb), what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate she should consume to achieve this goal?
A) 250 grams
B) 290 grams
C) 360 grams
D) 800 grams

Accepted Answer

To optimize glycogen stores, athletes need to consume an adequate amount of carbohydrates. The general recommendation for endurance athletes is to consume 8-10 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight per day. Therefore, in Petra's case, she should consume at least 480-600 grams of carbohydrates per day.

Option A is too low at only 250 grams, while option B at 290 grams is still below the recommended range for her weight. Option D is too high at 800 grams and may lead to overconsumption and weight gain. Therefore, the best choice for Petra is option C with a recommended amount of 360 grams of carbohydrates.

Question 8

At rest, the body's fuel source is primarily
A) protein.
B) carbohydrate.
C) fat.
D) amino acids.

Accepted Answer

At rest, the body's primary fuel source is fat. This is because the body is not expending much energy and does not require a quick source of fuel like carbohydrates. Fat is a more long-lasting and sustainable source of energy for the body at rest.

Question 9

What is the cause of sports anemia?
A) low blood hemoglobin levels
B) poor dietary intake of iron-rich foods
C) increased plasma volume due to training
D) dehydration

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is caused by an increase in plasma volume, which dilutes the red blood cells in circulation and temporarily lowers hemoglobin levels. It is not caused by low dietary intake of iron-rich foods, dehydration or low blood hemoglobin levels.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a reason fat becomes an energy source for trained athletes?
A) increases the number and activity of various enzymes involved in fat metabolism
B) improves the ability of muscles to store fat
C) improves the ability to extract fat from the blood during exercise
D) replaces carbohydrates as an energy source during prolonged, intense training

Accepted Answer

Trained athletes use fat as an energy source because their bodies become more efficient at metabolizing fat, but carbohydrates remain a crucial energy source, especially during prolonged, intense training.

Question 11

Which of the following BEST describes Dr. Barry Sears's Zone Diet?
A) high-carbohydrate diet designed for noncompetitive athletes
B) high-protein diet designed for competitive athletes
C) high-fat diet designed for competitive athletes
D) high-protein diet designed for noncompetitive athletes

Accepted Answer

The Zone Diet by Dr. Barry Sears is a high-protein diet designed to help competitive athletes optimize performance by balancing macronutrients in a specific ratio.

Question 12

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athletic performance because it has been shown to
A) increase muscle flexibility and strength.
B) increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source.
C) regenerate ATP for energy.
D) increase the transport of amino acids to exercising muscle.

Accepted Answer

Caffeine has been shown to increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source during exercise, which can help to spare muscle glycogen and delay fatigue. This effect can result in improved endurance performance. Caffeine has not been shown to increase muscle flexibility or strength, regenerate ATP, or increase the transport of amino acids to exercising muscle.

Question 13

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been banned in Canada?
A) creatine
B) gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
C) chromium
D) carnitine

Accepted Answer

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has been banned in Canada due to its potential for abuse and associated health risks. Creatine, chromium, and carnitine are not currently banned in Canada.

Question 14

Where in the body do we find the greatest storage of potential energy?
A) muscle glycogen
B) blood glucose
C) muscle protein
D) body fat

Accepted Answer

Body fat is the best choice because it is a highly concentrated form of energy storage, with each gram of fat providing 9 calories of energy. Muscle glycogen and blood glucose are important sources of energy but are limited in storage capacity and are quickly depleted during physical activity. Muscle protein is not an effective energy source because it is primarily used for building and repairing muscle tissue.

Question 15

Which of the following BEST describes how ATP provides energy to the body's cells?
A) Energy is released when a phosphate group is cleaved from the ATP molecule.
B) Energy is released when two molecules of ATP combine.
C) Energy is released when ATP is transported out of the cell membrane.
D) Energy is released when adenosine binds to three phosphate molecules.

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy to the body's cells by releasing energy when a phosphate group is cleaved from the ATP molecule. This releases the stored energy and allows the cell to perform its necessary functions. The remaining molecule, ADP, can then be recharged with another phosphate group to create ATP again.

Question 16

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading NOT be beneficial?
A) weight lifting
B) distance swimming
C) cross-country skiing
D) marathon

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate loading is not beneficial for activities that require short, intense bursts of energy such as weight lifting. Carbohydrate loading is most effective for endurance activities that last more than 90 minutes, such as distance swimming, cross-country skiing, and marathons.

Question 17

Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?
A) Carbohydrates are a poor source of the B vitamins.
B) During exercise large amounts of the B vitamins are lost in the urine.
C) The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism.
D) Active athletes cannot eat a sufficient amount of calories to meet the RDAs for the B vitamins.

Accepted Answer

The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism, which is crucial for athletes who need energy to perform at their best. The other choices are not correct; carbohydrates can be a good source of B vitamins, large amounts of B vitamins are not necessarily lost in urine during exercise, and active athletes can generally eat enough calories to meet their vitamin needs.

Question 18

The major fuel source used by the working muscle during long-duration physical activity is
A) amino acids.
B) fatty acids.
C) glycogen.
D) glucose.

Accepted Answer

During long-duration physical activity, the major fuel source used by the working muscle is fatty acids. This is because glycogen stores become depleted after a certain period of time, and the body begins to rely on fat stores for energy. Glucose and amino acids can also be used as fuel sources, but they are not the primary source during long-duration activity.

Question 19

In physical activity lasting less than one hour, the MOST appropriate fluid replacement is
A) plain water.
B) orange juice.
C) Kool-Aid.
D) sports drinks.

Accepted Answer

For physical activity lasting less than one hour, plain water is the most appropriate fluid replacement. Sports drinks and flavored beverages such as Kool-Aid and orange juice contain added sugars that are unnecessary for the body during short bouts of exercise. Plain water is sufficient for hydration and does not add additional calories or sugars to the diet.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of carbohydrate loading?
A) water retention
B) gastrointestinal distress
C) diarrhea
D) improved performance

Accepted Answer

Improved performance is not a side effect of carbohydrate loading, but rather the intended outcome. The other options (water retention, gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea) are potential side effects.

Quiz 12: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

When does the body experience the highest rates of glycogen storage?

George plays basketball for his high school team, and he is concerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to support his activity. Which of the following would be the BEST indicator that he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?

Elisa is a gymnast who trains on average for two hours each day. She supports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories per day. What is the minimum number of kilocalories she should consume from carbohydrates?

Jorge is a weight lifter who believes that consuming large amounts of protein-rich foods will increase his muscle mass. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Jorge's protein needs?

Fatty-acid molecules provide MOST of the energy for

Andrea thinks that carbohydrate loading could be beneficial to her. Which of the following statements is FALSE about this practice?

Petra is a long-distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 60 kg (132 lb) , what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate she should consume to achieve this goal?

At rest, the body's fuel source is primarily

What is the cause of sports anemia?

Which of the following is NOT a reason fat becomes an energy source for trained athletes?

Which of the following BEST describes Dr. Barry Sears's Zone Diet?

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athletic performance because it has been shown to

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been banned in Canada?

Where in the body do we find the greatest storage of potential energy?

Which of the following BEST describes how ATP provides energy to the body's cells?

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading NOT be beneficial?

Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?

The major fuel source used by the working muscle during long-duration physical activity is

In physical activity lasting less than one hour, the MOST appropriate fluid replacement is

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of carbohydrate loading?