Question 1

A person exhibiting symptoms of impaired work performance, general fatigue, pale skin, depressed immune function, impaired cognitive and nerve function, and impaired memory is likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia, which occurs when there is a lack of iron in the body, resulting in reduced production of red blood cells and a decreased ability to transport oxygen to tissues. This can lead to fatigue, pale skin, and cognitive impairment. Pernicious anemia (A) is a type of macrocytic anemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency, which can also cause fatigue and cognitive impairment. Neural tube defects (B) are birth defects that occur during fetal development and do not cause the symptoms described. Macrocytic anemia (C) refers to any type of anemia characterized by large red blood cells, but does not specify the cause of the anemia.

Question 2

Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because

Accepted Answer

Intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K, which helps to ensure that deficiencies are rare. While foods do contain vitamin K, these sources are not as necessary because of the body's ability to produce it through bacteria. Supplements are not necessary for the majority of people.

Question 3

A lack of dietary iodine during pregnancy is the primary cause of which of the following medical conditions, worldwide?

Accepted Answer

A lack of dietary iodine during pregnancy is the primary cause of cretinism, a condition characterized by mental and physical developmental delays in infants.

Question 4

High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with the development of

Accepted Answer

High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, as it can damage the lining of blood vessels and lead to the formation of clots. While there may be some associations with the other options listed, the strongest and most established link is with heart disease.

Question 5

Which component of the blood is essential in transporting oxygen to body cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen and carries it to the body's cells.

Question 6

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that bled a lot before it clotted. Which of the following deficiencies might cause increased bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K plays an essential role in blood clotting by helping to activate certain proteins involved in the clotting process. A deficiency in vitamin K can lead to increased bleeding and difficulty in blood clotting. Iron, copper, and zinc are not directly involved in the blood clotting process.

Question 7

Prothrombin and factor VII are

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin and factor VII are both coagulation factors involved in blood clotting. They are not hormones, cofactors of energy metabolism, or transport proteins for iron.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?

Accepted Answer

While the liver, spleen, and bone marrow are all common storage sites for iron in the body, the kidney does not typically store large amounts of iron.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin K?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight exposure does not provide vitamin K. The other options (spinach, soybean oil, and intestinal bacteria) are good sources of vitamin K.

Question 10

The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Raw egg whites contain avidin, a protein that binds to biotin and prevents its absorption in the body. This can lead to a biotin deficiency over time. The other options listed do not have a significant impact on biotin levels in the body.

Question 11

A deficiency of which nutrient has been associated with convulsions and dermatitis in infants?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₆ deficiency can lead to convulsions and dermatitis in infants due to its role in neurotransmitter synthesis and skin health.

Question 12

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Bob to follow to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron?

Accepted Answer

Drinking a glass of milk with his iron supplement would not be good advice as milk contains calcium which can inhibit the absorption of iron. It is better to take iron supplements on an empty stomach or with vitamin C-rich foods, like orange juice, which can enhance iron absorption. Eating meat with beans and vegetables and cooking foods in cast-iron pans can also help increase iron absorption.

Question 13

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of which kind of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development throughout the body. Estrogen and androgen hormones are synthesized in the ovaries and testes respectively, while growth hormone is produced in the pituitary gland, without requiring iodine.

Question 14

Which of the following will impair iron absorption?

Accepted Answer

Low amounts of stomach acid can impair iron absorption because stomach acid is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more easily absorbed by the body.

Question 15

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is

Accepted Answer

Myoglobin is the iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells. Hemoglobin, on the other hand, carries oxygen in the blood. Hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the blood, while hemosiderin is a storage form of iron in the body.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals would be at risk for a vitamin K deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Crohn's disease may have malabsorption issues, which can lead to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin K.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a vitamin?

Accepted Answer

While choline plays important roles in the body, it is not classified as a vitamin.

Question 18

A goitre can result from

Accepted Answer

A goitre can result from either too much or too little iodine in the diet. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and a deficiency or excess can result in an enlarged thyroid gland (goitre). Choline supplementation, cretinism, and excess dietary chromium are not known to cause goitre.

Question 19

The meat factor is

Accepted Answer

The meat factor is a special quality found in meat, poultry, and fish that enhances iron absorption.

Question 20

Which of the following provides 100% of the RDA of folate?

Accepted Answer

3/4 cup of whole grain Total cereal is fortified to provide 100% of the RDA of folate.

Quiz 10: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism and Blood Health