Question 1

Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Vroom's expectancy theory does indeed argue that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes.

Question 2

According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' expectancies by identifying the needs that are important to each individual and then trying to adjust available rewards to match those needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to expectancy theory, managers can influence...

Question 3

Unfortunately, expectancy theory has not received any research follow-up and hence, it is not practical.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unfortunately, expectancy theory has not received any...

Question 4

Goals are better motivators when employees accept them and show commitment to their goals.

Accepted Answer

When employees accept their goals and are committed to achieving them, they are more likely to be invested in the outcome and motivated to complete the tasks required to reach those goals. If goals are imposed on employees or they do not feel a personal connection to them, they may not be as motivated to put in the effort needed to achieve them.

Question 5

Interestingly, Locke and Latham's research confirmed that "easy" and "do your best" goals result in the highest performance levels.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not accurate. Locke and Latham's research suggests that specific, challenging goals lead to higher performance levels. "Easy" and "do your best" goals may not provide enough motivation or direction for individuals to reach their full potential.

Question 6

Commutative justice is the degree to which people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect.

Accepted Answer

Commutative justice refers to fairness in agreements and exchanges between individuals or private social groups, ensuring what is exchanged is equal in value.

Question 7

In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability assigned by the individual that a given level of performance will lead to various work outcomes.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of instrumentality in expectancy theory. Instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and outcomes, or the belief that a certain level of effort will result in a desired outcome or reward. It refers to the degree to which an individual believes that their performance will be directly linked to the outcomes they desire, and is one of the components of expectancy theory that helps to explain motivation in the workplace.

Question 8

Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance.

Accepted Answer

Task feedback, when provided constructively, helps employees understand their performance and areas for improvement, often increasing motivation and engagement towards achieving higher performance levels.

Question 9

Motivation refers to the value attached by the individual to various work outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors, not just the value attached by the individual to various work outcomes.

Question 10

An example of procedural justice occurs when a sexual harassment complaint filed against a man by a woman receives the same consideration as one filed against a woman by a man.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of procedural justice occurs when...

Question 11

In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment.

Accepted Answer

Instrumentality in expectancy theory refers to the belief that a certain level of performance will lead to a specific outcome, not the probability that effort will lead to a certain level of performance.

Question 12

An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information.

Accepted Answer

Commutative justice involves fairness in exchanges between individuals, where each party receives what they are due or entitled to. In the context of a sexual harassment complaint, all parties having access to the same information ensures that everyone is treated fairly and equally in the process.

Question 13

Participation in goal-setting helps create goal acceptance and commitment by employees.

Accepted Answer

When employees actively participate in setting their own goals, they feel more personally invested in achieving them, resulting in greater acceptance and commitment to those goals.

Question 14

Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals.

Accepted Answer

Research actually indicates that specific, challenging goals are more motivational than general goals. This is due to the fact that specific goals provide a clear target to work towards, and are more likely to lead to increased effort and persistence. General goals, on the other hand, can be too vague and may not provide enough direction or motivation.

Question 15

Even with a great deal of support for the research on expectancy theory, there are still questions remaining on the multiplier effect.

Accepted Answer

While there is overall support for expectancy theory, there are still some unanswered questions regarding the multiplier effect.

Question 16

Goal-setting is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that an individual is responsible for achieving.

Accepted Answer

This is the accurate definition of goal-setting. It involves developing, negotiating, and formalizing targets or objectives that an individual is responsible for achieving.

Question 17

According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' instrumentalities by selecting capable workers, training them, supporting them, and setting clear goals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to expectancy theory, managers can influence...

Question 18

According to the expectancy theory, work motivation will be high when expectancy and instrumentality are high, and valence is highly positive.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the basic tenets of the expectancy theory. Expectancy refers to the belief that an individual's effort will lead to a desired level of performance, instrumentality refers to the belief that this performance will result in certain outcomes, and valence refers to the value an individual places on these outcomes. When all three of these factors are high, work motivation is expected to be high as well.

Question 19

According to expectancy theory, expectancy is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment.

Accepted Answer

According to expectancy theory, expectancy is defined as the belief that one's effort will lead to high performance.

Question 20

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is low when any one of the three components -- expectancy, instrumentality, or valence -- approaches zero.

Accepted Answer

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is low when any one of the three components -- expectancy, instrumentality, or valence -- approaches zero.

Quiz 5: Motivation

Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes.

According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' expectancies by identifying the needs that are important to each individual and then trying to adjust available rewards to match those needs.

Unfortunately, expectancy theory has not received any research follow-up and hence, it is not practical.

Goals are better motivators when employees accept them and show commitment to their goals.

Interestingly, Locke and Latham's research confirmed that "easy" and "do your best" goals result in the highest performance levels.

Commutative justice is the degree to which people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect.

In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability assigned by the individual that a given level of performance will lead to various work outcomes.

Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance.

Motivation refers to the value attached by the individual to various work outcomes.

An example of procedural justice occurs when a sexual harassment complaint filed against a man by a woman receives the same consideration as one filed against a woman by a man.

In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment.

An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information.

Participation in goal-setting helps create goal acceptance and commitment by employees.

Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals.

Even with a great deal of support for the research on expectancy theory, there are still questions remaining on the multiplier effect.

Goal-setting is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that an individual is responsible for achieving.

According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' instrumentalities by selecting capable workers, training them, supporting them, and setting clear goals.

According to the expectancy theory, work motivation will be high when expectancy and instrumentality are high, and valence is highly positive.

According to expectancy theory, expectancy is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment.

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is low when any one of the three components -- expectancy, instrumentality, or valence -- approaches zero.