Question 1

Experiment participants viewed symbols on a computer screen without knowing that these symbols had earlier been subliminally flashed on the screen.Half the participants reported experiencing

Accepted Answer

The experience of seeing something and feeling like it has been seen before, even though it hasn't, is known as déjà vu. This is the most likely experience for participants who were shown subliminal symbols without conscious awareness. The other options do not fit with the given information.

Question 2

While wandering through the streets of a foreign city for the first time,Maurice experienced a strange sense of familiarity with the city's landmarks as if he had been in this exact location before.His experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Maurice's experience of feeling familiar with the city's landmarks despite never having been there before is best explained as déjà vu. Déjà vu is the feeling of having experienced something before, despite it being encountered for the first time.

Question 3

Research on memory construction indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that false memories of imagined events can often be recalled as if they were real, indicating the malleability and reconstructive nature of human memory.

Question 4

The psychologist Jean Piaget constructed a vivid,detailed memory of a nursemaid's thwarting his kidnapping after hearing false reports of such an event.His experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Piaget's experience best illustrates source amnesia, which is the inability to remember where or when previously learned information was acquired while still retaining the factual knowledge itself. Piaget's detailed memory of the false kidnapping was likely constructed based on reports from others and his own imagination, leading to a false source for the memory. The other options (implicit memory, proactive interference, repression) do not fit Piaget's situation as well.

Question 5

Source amnesia helps to explain

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia refers to forgetting where or how a person learned information. Déjà vu is the feeling of experiencing something as if it has been experienced before, but without the ability to remember the specific source of that experience. Therefore, source amnesia can help to explain the phenomenon of déjà vu.

Question 6

As a child,Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog.Many years later,he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him.Andre's false recollection best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Andre's false recollection is an example of source amnesia, which refers to the inability to remember where or how a specific piece of information was learned or acquired, leading to confusion between a memory and a false recollection.

Question 7

Dating partners who fall in love tend to ________ how much they liked each other when they first met.Dating partners who break up tend to ________ how much they liked each other when they first met.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that dating partners who fall in love tend to overestimate how much they liked each other when they first met, while dating partners who break up tend to underestimate how much they liked each other when they first met. Therefore, the best choice is D (overestimate; underestimate).

Question 8

When asked how they felt 10 years ago regarding marijuana issues,people recalled attitudes closer to their current views than to those they actually reported a decade earlier.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as hindsight bias or the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect, where people's memory of their past attitudes or beliefs are biased by their current attitudes. This is an example of memory construction, where memories are not simply retrieved, but are also reconstructed and influenced by current beliefs or knowledge. The other options such as proactive interference, anterograde amnesia or positive transfer do not explain this specific phenomenon.

Question 9

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse,Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history.This best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia is the inability to remember where, when, or how previously learned information has been acquired, while still retaining the factual knowledge. In this case, Karen mistakenly attributed details from others' traumatic life stories to her own life history, which is an example of source amnesia. The other options are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 10

Visualizing an object and actually seeing that object both activate similar brain areas.This most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

Imagination inflation occurs because visualizing an object can activate similar brain areas as actually seeing the object, leading to confusion between imagined and real memories.

Question 11

Children reported false memories of taking a hot-air balloon ride after viewing digitally altered photos of themselves and other family members involved in such an event.The children's reports best illustrated

Accepted Answer

Imagination inflation occurs when a person's imagination or exposure to altered information increases the likelihood of false memories being formed. In this case, the digitally altered photos of hot-air balloon rides likely increased the children's imagination and led to the creation of false memories of participating in such an event.

Question 12

Research on memory construction indicates that

Accepted Answer

False memories can indeed feel as real as true memories, which is why people can be confident in the accuracy of a memory that is actually false. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in various studies, showing how suggestibility, misinformation, and other factors can lead to the creation of memories of events that never occurred, yet these memories are experienced with high confidence.

Question 13

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident,several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case.This provides an example of

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of the misinformation effect, where external information (in this case, the news article) alters people's memories. They begin to remember the driver as more reckless than they actually were, possibly due to the suggestion that drunken driving played a role in the accident.

Question 14

Which of the following poses the greatest threat to the credibility of children's recollections of sexual abuse?

Accepted Answer

The misinformation effect refers to the phenomenon where the incorporation of misleading information into memory can alter an individual's recollection of an event. In cases of sexual abuse, this could lead to children recalling details that did not actually occur or misremembering parts of their experiences. This can pose a significant threat to the credibility of their recollections. Repression (A) may impact memory retrieval, but it is still a controversial topic in psychology, and there is limited empirical evidence to support it. Proactive interference (B) occurs when previously learned information interferes with the recall of newer information, but it is not specific to sexual abuse recollections. Positive transfer (D) occurs when previously learned skills or knowledge facilitate the learning of new skills or knowledge and is also not specific to sexual abuse recollections.

Question 15

Déjà vu refers to the

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu refers to the eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event. It is the feeling of familiarity in a situation that is actually new.

Question 16

Many of the experiment participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident.This experiment best illustrated

Accepted Answer

The experiment described in the question is a classic example of the misinformation effect, which occurs when the presentation of misleading information after an event can affect a person's memory of the original event. In this case, the participants were influenced by the suggestive language used in the question ("smashed into each other") to remember broken glass that they had not actually seen. Choices A and B are not applicable to this scenario, and while positive transfer (using previously learned information to help learn new information) can be a valid psychological concept in other contexts, it is not relevant here.

Question 17

Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony and reception.After their painful divorce,however,they began to remember the wedding as a somewhat hectic and unpleasant event.Their recollections best illustrate the nature of

Accepted Answer

The fact that Karl and Dee's memories of their wedding changed after their divorce suggests that their recollections were constructed or reconstructed based on their current feelings and beliefs about the event, rather than being fully accurate representations of what actually happened. This is an example of memory construction.

Question 18

In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus,two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident.Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled

Accepted Answer

The observers who heard the word "smashed" were more likely to recall broken glass at the scene of the accident, suggesting that the use of vivid language can affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. The other options are not mentioned in the study.

Question 19

Faulty memory for how,when,or where information was learned is called

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia is the faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned. The other options refer to different phenomena - the misinformation effect is when false information alters a person's memory of an event, repression is when an individual unconsciously blocks out traumatic memories, and déjà vu is the feeling of having experienced something before even though it is new.

Question 20

The misinformation effect best illustrates the dynamics of

Accepted Answer

The misinformation effect refers to how memories can be distorted or influenced by misleading information presented after the event. This illustrates the process of memory construction, where people use various sources of information to piece together memories, which can be subject to errors, biases, and distortions. Repression is a controversial and debated theory of memory suppression, and there is limited empirical evidence to support it. Proactive interference is a phenomenon where old information interferes with remembering new information. Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories after a certain point in time, often due to brain damage or injury.

Quiz 9: Memory

Experiment participants viewed symbols on a computer screen without knowing that these symbols had earlier been subliminally flashed on the screen.Half the participants reported experiencing

While wandering through the streets of a foreign city for the first time,Maurice experienced a strange sense of familiarity with the city's landmarks as if he had been in this exact location before.His experience best illustrates

Research on memory construction indicates that

The psychologist Jean Piaget constructed a vivid,detailed memory of a nursemaid's thwarting his kidnapping after hearing false reports of such an event.His experience best illustrates

Source amnesia helps to explain

As a child,Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog.Many years later,he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him.Andre's false recollection best illustrates

Dating partners who fall in love tend to how much they liked each other when they first met.Dating partners who break up tend to how much they liked each other when they first met.

When asked how they felt 10 years ago regarding marijuana issues,people recalled attitudes closer to their current views than to those they actually reported a decade earlier.This best illustrates

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse,Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history.This best illustrates the dangers of

Visualizing an object and actually seeing that object both activate similar brain areas.This most clearly contributes to

Children reported false memories of taking a hot-air balloon ride after viewing digitally altered photos of themselves and other family members involved in such an event.The children's reports best illustrated

Research on memory construction indicates that

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident,several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case.This provides an example of

Which of the following poses the greatest threat to the credibility of children's recollections of sexual abuse?

Déjà vu refers to the

Many of the experiment participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident.This experiment best illustrated

Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony and reception.After their painful divorce,however,they began to remember the wedding as a somewhat hectic and unpleasant event.Their recollections best illustrate the nature of

In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus,two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident.Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled

Faulty memory for how,when,or where information was learned is called

The misinformation effect best illustrates the dynamics of