Question 1

Depressants and opiates are similar in terms of their typical effects on consciousness in that both result in:

Accepted Answer

Both depressants and opiates can impair psychological functioning, leading to a decrease in alertness and cognitive abilities. While opiates can also provide pain relief, this is not a universal effect and not a defining characteristic of the drug class. Similarly, while both can have a mood-altering effect, this is not always experienced as euphoric or enhanced sensory experiences.

Question 2

Researchers have determined that mice can be bred to inherit a strong preference for drinking alcohol instead of water.Regarding the effect of this drug,a significant role may be played by __________ factors.

Accepted Answer

The given statement clearly states that mice can be bred to inherit a strong preference for drinking alcohol instead of water indicating the involvement of genetic factors in the effect of this drug. While psychological factors, environmental factors, and behavioral factors may also play a role, the statement emphasizes the role of genetic factors.

Question 3

found that hypnotized participants could be induced to dip their hand in what they thought was acid and then throw it in another person's face.However,nonhypnotized participants who were told to pretend they were hypnotized were ________ to engage in the same behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Nonhypnotized participants who were told to pretend they were hypnotized were just as likely to engage in the same behavior, suggesting that the behavior was not due to hypnosis itself but rather the social context or expectations.

Question 4

Heroin,which was originally created to treat pain,is a highly addictive ____________.

Accepted Answer

Heroin is an opiate drug derived from morphine, which was originally created as a painkiller. Opiates are a class of drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce pain relief and feelings of pleasure, but they also have a high potential for addiction. Stimulants increase activity in the brain and body, depressants slow down activity, and hallucinogens alter perception and sensory experiences.

Question 5

Stimulants and marijuana affect appetite such that stimulant use is associated with suppressed appetite and marijuana use is associated with _________ appetite.

Accepted Answer

Stimulant use is known to decrease appetite, while marijuana use is associated with an increase in appetite, also known as the "munchies."

Question 6

The active ingredient in the marijuana plant is:

Accepted Answer

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active ingredient in marijuana that produces the psychoactive effects. It binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and alters perceptions, mood, and behavior. Opium is derived from the poppy plant and is the source of opioids such as morphine and heroin. GABA is a neurotransmitter that regulates anxiety and relaxation in the brain. Cannabinoids refer to a class of compounds found in the marijuana plant, including THC and cannabidiol (CBD). However, THC is specifically known as the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis.

Question 7

Which of the following hallucinogens is derived from a natural source (as opposed to being synthetic)?

Accepted Answer

Psilocybin is derived from certain species of mushrooms, whereas the other options are synthetic drugs.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the effect of opiates on the brain and body?

Accepted Answer

Opiates such as heroin, morphine, and oxycodone bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain and creating feelings of euphoria. They also have a depressant effect on the nervous system, slowing down respiration, heart rate, and other bodily functions. The sedative and relaxing effects observed in some individuals are likely a result of the reduction in stress and anxiety caused by the drug's impact on the brain.

Question 9

Drugs such as angel dust and acid which usually function to distort or intensify sensory experience and can blur the boundary between reality and fantasy are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens are drugs that alter the user's perceptions, thoughts, and feelings, causing sensory distortions and changes in the perception of reality. Acid (LSD) and Angel Dust (PCP) are both examples of hallucinogens. Depressants (like alcohol) slow down the central nervous system, opiates (like heroin) reduce pain and produce feelings of euphoria, and stimulants (like cocaine) increase alertness and energy levels.

Question 10

The fact that the reactions of other people sharing a drug experience can influence a specific individual's response to a drug is best considered as evidence of the impact of ____________ on drug reactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the reactions of other...

Question 11

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the three myths associated with marijuana?

Accepted Answer

One of the three myths associated with marijuana mentioned was that there are no significant dangers associated with using marijuana. This is a common misconception, as marijuana use has been linked to various health risks, including respiratory problems, impaired memory and concentration, and mental health disorders. Chronic use actually tends to lead to lower levels of motivation, which contradicts myth A. The two remaining choices (C and D) both address the concept of tolerance, but only D is actually true - repeated marijuana use does produce tolerance, meaning that more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effects over time. Therefore, B is the only valid option.

Question 12

The greatest danger of hallucinogens is that:

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens can have unpredictable long-term effects on mental health, including causing persistent psychosis, changes in personality, and flashbacks. These effects can vary widely between individuals and are difficult to predict. While other options listed (B, C, and D) may also present dangers, the question asks for the "greatest danger" and the unpredictable nature of long-term mental effects is generally considered the most significant risk factor associated with hallucinogen use.

Question 13

The drugs mescaline,psilocybin,and LSD are all classified as:

Accepted Answer

Mescaline, psilocybin, and LSD are all classified as hallucinogens. They are psychoactive substances that can cause alterations in perception, mood, and thought processes. These substances can result in vivid and intense sensory experiences often referred to as "trips."

Question 14

All of the following were mentioned as evidence supporting the role of genetics in determining sensitivity to alcohol EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

While compensatory physiological responses can be linked to environmental cues, they are not directly related to genetics and therefore do not provide evidence for genetic factors in determining sensitivity to alcohol. The other options all provide evidence for genetic influence on alcohol sensitivity.

Question 15

All of the following were mentioned as myths associated with the use of marijuana EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following were mentioned as...

Question 16

A particular gene has been found more often among alcoholics and their children.This incidence:

Accepted Answer

The fact that a particular gene has been found more often among alcoholics and their children suggests that genetic factors may influence one's reactions to alcohol, which aligns with option D. However, this does not necessarily confirm that one's genetic endowment causes alcoholism, as stated in option A, or that children of alcoholics must drink more alcohol to maintain their feeling of intoxication, as stated in option B. The incidence also does not necessarily indicate that one's drug-consumption behavior can affect one's genetic legacy, as stated in option C, as genetic inheritance is predetermined and not affected by behavior.

Question 17

The fact that children of alcoholic parents typically display faster hormonal and psychological reactions to alcohol was discussed as evidence suggesting the impact of _____________ factors on sensitivity to alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The fact that children of alcoholic parents display faster reactions to alcohol suggests a genetic factor impacting alcohol sensitivity.

Question 18

All of the following demonstrate how environmental factors affect reactions to drugs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following demonstrate how environmental...

Question 19

The effects of pain reduction and to euphoria induction are elicited by drugs called ____________..

Accepted Answer

Opiates are drugs that bind to opioid receptors in the brain and mimic the effects of endorphins, which are natural painkillers and mood enhancers. This can result in a reduction of pain and feelings of euphoria. Stimulants and hallucinogens do not typically have these effects, and while endorphins are involved in pain reduction and can induce some euphoria, they are not a type of drug that can be intentionally administered like opiates.

Question 20

Opiates bind to and activate receptor sites that are usually activated by ___________.

Accepted Answer

Opiates bind to and activate the endorphin receptor sites in the brain, which are usually activated by naturally produced endorphins.

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness