Question 1

Empirical evidence indicates that attention facilitates encoding and is highly selective.

Accepted Answer

Empirical evidence from various studies supports the idea that attention enhances the encoding process and helps in selective processing of relevant information while ignoring distractions.

Question 2

The misinformation effect occurs when the accuracy of memory recall is reduced following exposure to misleading information between the time of the initial encoding and the subsequent recall of information.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of the misinformation effect.

Question 3

In Baddeley's modularized view of working memory, the temporary store that serves as an interface between working memory and long-term memory is the executive control system.

Accepted Answer

In Baddeley's model, the episodic buffer is the temporary store that acts as an interface between working memory and long-term memory, not the executive control system.

Question 4

Most clinical psychologists and psychiatrists involved in the treatment of psychological disorders accept recovered memories of abuse as genuine and claim that sexual abuse in childhood is far more widespread than people realize.

Accepted Answer

The statement presents the majority view among clinical psychologists and psychiatrists about recovered memories of abuse and the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse.

Question 5

Short-term, or working memory appears to involve a simple rehearsal loop which includes the phonological and the visuospatial loops.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Short-term, or working memory appears to involve...

Question 6

Short-term memory appears to be limited in the number of items it can hold and when it is full the insertion of new information will force out some of the old information in STM.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the "limited capacity" of short-term memory, and is a widely accepted concept in cognitive psychology. When STM is full, new information can displace or "overwrite" old information.

Question 7

The view of short-term memory and long-term memory as separate systems was based, in part, on the belief that information loss from short-term memory resulted from interference, whereas decay was the chief cause of long-term memory forgetting.

Accepted Answer

The view of short-term and long-term memory as separate systems is based on different mechanisms, but traditionally, decay is associated with short-term memory loss, while interference is often linked to long-term memory forgetting.

Question 8

Information in long term memory has been shown to be organized in simple categories or multilevel classification systems called schemas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Information in long term memory has been...

Question 9

According to Craik and Lockhart's levels-of-processing theory, semantic encoding is a relatively shallow processing that emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

According to Craik and Lockhart's levels-of-processing theory, semantic encoding is actually a deep processing that emphasizes the meaning of the stimulus, rather than just its physical structure.

Question 10

Enhancing memory by associating a word with an image to represent the word, is known as the ____________________ method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enhancing memory by associating a word with...

Question 11

Research evidence from studies that have investigated prospective memory suggests that, compared to time-based tasks, event-based tasks are generally more easily remembered.

Accepted Answer

Studies on prospective memory have consistently found that event-based tasks are better remembered than time-based tasks. This is because event-based cues, such as a particular location or action, are more salient and easier to notice than time-based cues, such as a certain time of day.

Question 12

The reconstructive nature of human memory is one factor that helps to explain why people's experience of the world can be highly subjective.

Accepted Answer

The reconstructive nature of human memory means that memories are not exact replicas of past events, but rather a reconstruction based on our perceptions, assumptions, and previous experiences. This can lead to subjective experiences of the world, as different people may remember the same event differently based on their individual perceptions and biases.

Question 13

Most memory researchers are skeptical about the accuracy of recovered memories of abuse and cite findings on the misinformation effect, imagination inflation and the tendency to confuse real and imagined memories.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the mainstream view among memory researchers regarding recovered memories of abuse. Studies on the misinformation effect and imagination inflation have shown that memories can be altered or distorted by external suggestions and internal imagery, and that people often have difficulty distinguishing between real and imagined events. As a result, many experts consider recovered memories of abuse to be potentially unreliable, particularly when they emerge years or decades after the alleged events occurred.

Question 14

Research suggests that the administration of drugs that interfere with protein synthesis impairs retrieval from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that the administration of drugs...

Question 15

In a study of psychiatric patients hospitalized for post-traumatic or dissociated disorders, one-third of those who reported childhood abuse had experienced complete amnesia for the abuse at some point in their lives.

Accepted Answer

The statement indicates that one-third of psychiatric patients who reported childhood abuse experienced complete amnesia for the abuse at some point in their lives.

Question 16

The encoding specificity principle states that recall of information will be enhanced when information is initially processed using semantic encoding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The encoding specificity principle states that recall...

Question 17

Pseudoforgetting occurs when information is accurately encoded and stored but cannot be retrieved due to interference from competing material that is similar.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pseudoforgetting occurs when information is accurately encoded...

Question 18

Hypnotism may enhance the recall of information by eyewitnesses because it can help to reinstate the context in which a crime originally occurred.

Accepted Answer

Hypnotism has been used as a tool to enhance eyewitness recall. It can help the witness to mentally reinstate the context in which the crime occurred, which may lead to more accurate and detailed recall of the events. However, it is important to note that the use of hypnotism as a tool for testimony is controversial and not always reliable. It should be conducted with caution and by a trained and experienced professional.

Question 19

According to memory researcher Allan Paivio visual imagery facilitates memory because it allows individuals to make material personally meaningful.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to memory researcher Allan Paivio visual...

Question 20

Decay theory proposes that forgetting occurs due to the fact that memory traces fade over time; while interference theory argues that forgetting takes place because of competition from other material in long term memory.

Accepted Answer

Decay theory posits that memory traces degrade or become weaker over time, leading to forgetting, while interference theory contends that other memories or information interfere with the retrieval of the target memory, causing forgetting.

Quiz 14: Human Memory Part 2