Question 1

A friend tells you that he recently responded to a personality inventory with about 550 items which indicated that his level of depression was above normal. He probably took

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a commonly-used personality inventory that includes 550 items and has scales that assess for depression and other psychological disorders. Therefore, it is likely that the friend took the MMPI if they responded to 550 items and were assessed for depression.

Question 2

Research suggests that Asian children tend to define themselves in terms of

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that Asian children tend to define themselves in terms of the groups they belong to, such as their family, school or community. This is because collectivism, which values the group over the individual, is a prominent cultural value in many Asian societies. Personal accomplishments and relationships with teachers may be important as well, but they are often seen as part of a larger social context. Accomplishments of parents may also be valued, but this is not a defining feature of self-identity among Asian children.

Question 3

A person who is shy, withdrawn, reserved, submissive, tense, and inflexible is likely to score high on which of the following clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Accepted Answer

The social introversion scale measures a person's level of shyness, social withdrawal, and introversion. People who score high on this scale tend to be reserved, submissive, tense, and inflexible in social situations. This scale is often used to assess social anxiety and related disorders. The other clinical scales mentioned (hysteria, paranoia, and depression) are not specifically related to social introversion.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of personality scales?

Accepted Answer

Personality scales are commonly used in personnel selection, clinical diagnosis, and psychological research, but they are not typically used in college admissions decisions. While some colleges may consider personality traits as part of a holistic admissions process, it is not a primary use of personality scales.

Question 5

You have just taken a test that involved answering pages of questions about your characteristic behavior. You probably responded to

Accepted Answer

A self-report personality inventory is a type of test that involves answering questions about one's characteristic behavior. Projectsive tests involve responding to ambiguous stimuli, intelligence tests measure cognitive abilities, and achievement tests measure a person's knowledge and skills in a specific area.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud's theory of personality was influenced to a degree by his reaction to the hostilities of World War I, a fact that illustrates which of the following unifying themes of your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The fact that Sigmund Freud's theory of personality was influenced by his reaction to the hostilities of World War I illustrates the unifying theme that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

Question 7

The unifying theme in psychology that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context is reflected by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The statement about identifying basic personality traits does not necessarily relate to the sociohistorical context in which psychology evolves. The other answer choices all demonstrate how psychological theories and practices are influenced by the context in which they develop.

Question 8

In order to identify clusters of closely related personality traits and the factors underlying them, Raymond Cattell used

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify clusters of closely related personality traits and the factors underlying them. Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to identify patterns in the relationships among variables, and to group related variables together based on their underlying factors. It allows researchers to simplify complex data by identifying underlying dimensions or factors that explain the covariation of observed variables.

Question 9

Parents in Asian cultures are MOST likely to teach their children to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parents in Asian cultures are MOST likely...

Question 10

Research on national character using the Big Fived personality traits found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on national character using the Big...

Question 11

The Asian cultural conception of self results in children

Accepted Answer

The Asian cultural conception of self emphasizes interdependence and collective goals, and thus Asian children tend to develop an interdependent view of the self and define themselves in terms of the groups they belong to.

Question 12

If you needed a personality inventory capable of measuring a person's degree of psychopathology, you would probably use

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is specifically designed to measure psychopathology and consists of 567 true/false questions. The other options listed are not specifically designed to assess psychopathology.

Question 13

The research that suggests that the tendency for self-enhancement differs across cultures highlights which of your textbooks unifying theme?

Accepted Answer

This research emphasizes the importance of cultural heritage in shaping behavior, which aligns with the unifying theme that "behavior is influenced by cultural heritage."

Question 14

The American cultural conception of self results in children

Accepted Answer

The American cultural conception of self places a high value on individualism, leading children to develop an independent view of the self and to define themselves in terms of personal attributes, rather than in terms of the groups they belong to.

Question 15

A person who is social, outgoing, impulsive, overly energetic, and in some cases amoral is likely to score high on which of the following clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Accepted Answer

The clinical scale that assesses hypomania measures elevated mood, overactivity, impulsivity, and egocentricity. These traits are similar to those described in the question, especially the person being overly energetic and impulsive. The hysteria scale is associated with physical symptoms, such as headaches and difficulty swallowing, while paranoia is defined by suspicion and mistrust. The social introversion scale measures shyness and discomfort in social situations, which is not consistent with the outgoing nature described in the question.

Question 16

A summary of the text's discussion of personality MOST strongly reflects which unifying theme in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A summary of the text's discussion of...

Question 17

A person who is moody, shy, pessimistic, and distressed is likely to score high on which of the following clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Accepted Answer

The clinical scale that best fits a person who is moody, shy, pessimistic, and distressed is depression. This scale measures symptoms related to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt, and low self-esteem.

Question 18

The personality inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that describes an individual in terms of a limited number of personality source traits is the

Accepted Answer

The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) developed by Raymond Cattell describes an individual in terms of 16 personality source traits. The other options listed are different types of personality tests, but do not specifically measure personality traits in the way that the 16PF does.

Question 19

Ernie had been feeling depressed for several weeks. After an appointment with a psychologist, Ernie tells you that the psychologist asked him to complete a lengthy questionnaire that contained over 500 true or false statements. He would like to find out more about this particular test, but he didn't see the name of the test on the form that he filled out. You should tell Ernie to look for information on the

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a widely used questionnaire designed to assess personality and psychopathology. It contains over 500 true or false statements and is often used by psychologists to diagnose mental health conditions such as depression.

Question 20

The fact that there are literally dozens of insightful theories of personality illustrates which of the following unifying themes of your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The fact that there are dozens of insightful theories of personality illustrates the theme of theoretical diversity in psychology, as different theories offer unique explanations for personality development and behavior.

Quiz 24: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2