Question 1

Research indicates that people in different cultures show a high level of agreement concerning the emotions being expressed in facial photographs.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people in different cultures are able to recognize and agree on the emotions being expressed in facial photographs, suggesting that facial expressions have a universal component.

Question 2

Performance anxiety was discussed as one of the psychological factors that can inhibit sexual functioning.

Accepted Answer

Performance anxiety is a common psychological factor that can inhibit sexual functioning, particularly in men. This anxiety can arise from a fear of not being able to achieve or maintain an erection, satisfy one's partner, or perform sexually in a way that matches one's expectations.

Question 3

Experts are usually able to correctly identify people who are known to be innocent using the results from lie detector tests,but they are less accurate when it comes to correctly identifying people known to be guilty.

Accepted Answer

Lie detector tests, or polygraph tests, measure physiological responses that are believed to be indicators of stress or deception. However, these tests are not reliably accurate for either proving innocence or guilt. Experts cannot consistently identify innocent or guilty individuals solely based on lie detector results due to the high potential for false positives and false negatives.

Question 4

In self-determination theory,the psychological need of relatedness is in direct opposition to the need of relatedness and a person needs to find a balance between the two.

Accepted Answer

In self-determination theory, the psychological need of relatedness is not in opposition to itself; instead, it is one of the three central innate psychological needs, along with autonomy and competence, that are essential for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being.

Question 5

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson's four-stage sexual response cycle,the plateau phase comes before the excitement stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Masters and Johnson's four-stage sexual response cycle, the excitement phase comes before the plateau phase.

Question 6

A friend of yours who is in a bad mood calls you a jerk,which in turn evokes an emotional response of anger in you.In terms of the four basic components of emotion,the phrase uttered by your friend that served to trigger your anger would be considered an instrumental behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The phrase uttered by your friend would be considered a stimulus, not an instrumental behavior.

Question 7

One of the problems in defining sexual orientation is that many people identify as homosexuals but very few of these people actually engage in homosexual behaviour.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Sexual orientation refers to a person's emotional and sexual attraction to others, not necessarily their behavior. Many people who identify as homosexual may not have engaged in same-sex behavior due to various factors such as social stigma, lack of opportunity, or personal choice. It is important to respect individuals' self-identification and not base it solely on their sexual behavior.

Question 8

Emotions are always responses to our perceptions of the eliciting stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Emotions are based on our personal perception and interpretation of external stimuli, rather than the stimuli themselves. Therefore, our emotional responses are always a result of our own subjective experiences and reactions to the world around us.

Question 9

Animals and humans who do not have access to sensory feedback from their internal organs still experience emotions that are as intense as other people,a finding that provides support for the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion proposes that emotions are experienced simultaneously with physiological responses, rather than one causing the other. This theory suggests that people and animals can experience emotions even without sensory feedback from their internal organs. Research has supported this theory by showing that emotional experiences can still be intense even in individuals who have limited or no sensory feedback from their internal organs.

Question 10

Joseph LeDoux demonstrated that the thalamus sends separate sensory signals to the hippocampus and that this neural wiring makes it possible for the body to respond emotionally to particular stimuli before the cortex has had time to fully interpret them.

Accepted Answer

Joseph LeDoux's work primarily demonstrated that the thalamus sends separate sensory signals to the amygdala, not the hippocampus, allowing for emotional responses before the cortex fully interprets these stimuli.

Question 11

The concepts of emotion and motivation are closely associated and similar in that both involve states of arousal and both can trigger patterns of action.

Accepted Answer

Emotion and motivation are related in that both involve changes in arousal, and both can influence behavior. Emotions are typically more short-lived than motivations, which tend to be longer-lasting states that drive an individual towards a specific goal or outcome. However, both emotions and motivations can lead to patterns of action or behavior, and are often interconnected in complex ways.

Question 12

An approach-approach conflict occurs when a person experiences conflict when deciding between two attractive alternatives.

Accepted Answer

An approach-approach conflict occurs when a person experiences conflict when deciding between two attractive alternatives. Both options may have positive qualities, making the decision difficult.

Question 13

The neurotransmitter dopamine is thought to play an important role in the emotion of anger.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is primarily associated with the brain's reward system, motivation, and pleasure, rather than directly with the emotion of anger.

Question 14

According to the text,some cognitive appraisals can be very automatic and primitive such that we have little awareness that they have even occurred.

Accepted Answer

The text states that some cognitive appraisals can be automatic and primitive, happening without our conscious awareness.

Question 15

The fight-or-flight response of the body in response to physical threats is produced by the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The fight-or-flight response is a physiological response to threat or danger, and it is activated by the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for rest and relaxation responses.

Question 16

Evolutionary psychologists assume that positive emotions are adaptively significant because they serve to narrow our attention to relevant stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists actually suggest that positive emotions broaden our attention, making us more open to new experiences and ideas, which is known as the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

Question 17

According to the text,____________ refers to the general process that regulates the direction,persistence,and strength of goal-directed behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,____________ refers to the...

Question 18

Mastery-avoidance goals reflect a fear of not performing up to one's own standards.

Accepted Answer

Mastery-avoidance goals are focused on avoiding failure and the fear of not meeting one's own high standards.

Question 19

In general,tasks that are more complex have a higher optimal level of arousal than tasks that are easier.

Accepted Answer

In general, tasks that are more complex have a lower optimal level of arousal for best performance, as higher levels of arousal can interfere with the concentration and cognitive processes needed for complex tasks. Easier tasks can benefit from higher arousal levels, enhancing performance.

Question 20

In approach-avoidance conflicts,the tendency to avoid the goal increases in strength faster than the tendency to approach the goal does.

Accepted Answer

In approach-avoidance conflicts, individuals have both an urge to approach the goal and an urge to avoid it due to potential negative consequences. Research suggests that the tendency to avoid the goal increases faster in strength than the tendency to approach it, which leads to a state of ambivalence and difficulty in decision-making.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion