Question 1

Taryn is an angry and irritable sort of person.According to the early philosophers:

Accepted Answer

According to the early philosophers, Taryn's anger and irritability may be attributed to an excess of yellow bile, one of the four bodily humors believed to influence a person's temperament. This belief was part of the ancient Greek theory of humorism, which posited that an imbalance of the bodily humors could lead to various physical and mental disorders.

Question 2

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early philosophers suggested that human personality is...

Question 3

________ recognized that most people possess five to ten central traits that reflect characteristic ways of thinking and acting.

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport was the one who recognized that most people possess five to ten central traits that reflect characteristic ways of thinking and acting.

Question 4

A distinctive pattern of behaviours,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes a person over time is defined as ________,whereas habitual ways of behaving,thinking,and feeling are considered ________.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to a relatively stable and enduring pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual across time and different situations. Traits are specific dimensions of personality that describe habitual ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling, but personality encompasses more than just traits. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 5

Suppose you were one of the first personality theorists.In your descriptions of personality,you would be most likely to refer to:

Accepted Answer

The concept of personality types was popular among the early personality theorists such as Hippocrates, Galen, and Sheldon. The idea is that individuals can be classified into distinct types based on their physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics. Other factors such as genetics and reinforcement histories were not yet widely considered in early theories of personality. The growth potential of the individual was a concept that emerged later in humanistic and existential theories of personality.

Question 6

________ are standardized questionnaires requiring written responses.

Accepted Answer

Objective tests are standardized questionnaires requiring written responses, while Rorschach and projective tests require more subjective interpretation by the examiner. Psychodynamic tests are a broader category that includes projective tests, as well as other types of assessments such as interviews and observations.

Question 7

A friend asks you about your intro psych instructor.You tell her that he is very nice,generous,warm,really funny,and extremely intelligent.According to Gordon Allport's approach,you have described his ________ traits.

Accepted Answer

According to Gordon Allport's approach, central traits are the main characteristics that form the basis of a person's personality. In this scenario, the traits described (nice, generous, warm, funny, intelligent) are likely to form the central traits of the instructor's personality, as they are the most prominent and consistent features that define him. Therefore, the correct answer is D) central traits.

Question 8

________ are standardized questionnaires requiring written responses.

Accepted Answer

Objective tests are standardized questionnaires or surveys that require written responses. Examples include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the California Personality Inventory (CPI). These tests are designed to measure specific personality traits or psychological states and are considered more reliable and valid than projective tests, which rely on subjective interpretation by the examiner. Rorschach tests and other projective tests require the person being tested to respond to ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures, which can be open to interpretation and may not be as reliable in measuring personality traits. Humanist tests is not a recognized category of psychological testing.

Question 9

________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviour,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Accepted Answer

Personality is the individual's unique pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that remain relatively stable over time. The other options do not encompass all aspects of an individual's personality. The ego refers to a specific part of the personality in Freud's theory, Reciprocal determinism is a theory that explains the interaction between an individual's personality, behavior, and the environment, and a trait is a specific characteristic of an individual's personality.

Question 10

What is personality?

Accepted Answer

Personality is best defined as a distinctive pattern of behavior, mannerisms, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual over time and across different situations. It is not limited to just being outgoing and friendly or a group of distinctive traits that change throughout one's life. It encompasses a broader range of characteristics that are consistent and unique to an individual.

Question 11

Madonna's image is a "work in progress." Is the "real" Madonna motherly or selfish,a born exhibitionist or an ambitious woman who created an outrageous persona? Psychologists answer questions such as these through the study of:

Accepted Answer

Psychologists study personality, which includes the underlying characteristics and behaviors that make up an individual's unique persona. Madonna's image and behavior can be analyzed through this lens.

Question 12

A ________ is a habitual way of behaving,thinking,and feeling.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is a habitual way of...

Question 13

Honora is an unemotional,slow-moving sort of person.According to the early philosophers,she has an excess of :

Accepted Answer

According to early philosophers who followed the theory of the four humors (humoral theory), phlegm was associated with the personality traits of being unemotional and slow-moving. Therefore, Honora may have an excess of phlegm. None of the other choices (blood, yellow bile, black bile) are specifically associated with her described personality traits.

Question 14

By the end of the twentieth century,biological research was demonstrating that about half of the variation in personality traits is due to:

Accepted Answer

Biological research has shown that around 50% of the variation in personality traits is due to genetic factors.

Question 15

For Gordon Allport,our personalities reflect:

Accepted Answer

According to Gordon Allport, a few central traits (which are dominant and general) and a greater number of secondary traits (which are more specific to certain situations or contexts) make up our personalities. This concept is known as trait theory, which emphasizes that our personalities can be described in terms of consistent patterns of behavior and thought.

Question 16

The textbook points out that the personality theory involving ________ is dead.

Accepted Answer

The theory involving four fundamental personality categories based on a person's mixtures of bodily fluids, also known as the humoral theory, has been discredited and is no longer considered a valid theory of personality.

Question 17

For much of the twentieth century ________ was the dominant approach to understanding personality.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, dominated the field of personality psychology for much of the twentieth century. It emphasized the role of unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping an individual's personality. Other theories, such as humanist theory and cognitive theory, emerged later in the century and gained popularity, but psychoanalytic theory was the dominant approach for a significant period of time.

Question 18

After 12 years of attending the same schools,Holly and Amy chose to attend colleges in different states.Holly remembered Amy as a shy but friendly girl who rarely took risks,and so Holly was surprised when her friend sent an email describing the thrill of sky-diving.Holly's surprise occurred because Amy's behaviours didn't match the ________ that Holly had observed in high school.

Accepted Answer

Holly's surprise occurred because Amy's behaviour didn't match the personality traits that she had observed in high school, specifically her shyness and aversion to risks. The other options are not relevant to the situation described.

Question 19

________ have better reliability than ________.

Accepted Answer

Objective tests have better reliability than clinical judgment because they are standardized and scored objectively, whereas clinical judgment may be influenced by subjective biases and personal opinions.

Question 20

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early philosophers suggested that human personality is...

Quiz 14: Theories of Personality

Taryn is an angry and irritable sort of person.According to the early philosophers:

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

________ recognized that most people possess five to ten central traits that reflect characteristic ways of thinking and acting.

A distinctive pattern of behaviours,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes a person over time is defined as ,whereas habitual ways of behaving,thinking,and feeling are considered .

Suppose you were one of the first personality theorists.In your descriptions of personality,you would be most likely to refer to:

________ are standardized questionnaires requiring written responses.

A friend asks you about your intro psych instructor.You tell her that he is very nice,generous,warm,really funny,and extremely intelligent.According to Gordon Allport's approach,you have described his ________ traits.

________ are standardized questionnaires requiring written responses.

________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviour,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

What is personality?

Madonna's image is a "work in progress." Is the "real" Madonna motherly or selfish,a born exhibitionist or an ambitious woman who created an outrageous persona? Psychologists answer questions such as these through the study of:

A ________ is a habitual way of behaving,thinking,and feeling.

Honora is an unemotional,slow-moving sort of person.According to the early philosophers,she has an excess of :

By the end of the twentieth century,biological research was demonstrating that about half of the variation in personality traits is due to:

For Gordon Allport,our personalities reflect:

The textbook points out that the personality theory involving ________ is dead.

For much of the twentieth century ________ was the dominant approach to understanding personality.

have better reliability than .

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on: