Question 1

Samuel is working to develop a new program to assist the elderly in improving their memories. Samuel is doing __________ research.
A) geriatric
B) basic
C) scientific
D) applied

Accepted Answer

Samuel is developing a program to assist the elderly, which means that he is applying research findings to a practical problem. Therefore, he is conducting applied research.

Question 2

The school of psychology called functionalism was strongly influenced by the pioneering work of ____________
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Gustav Fechner.
C) Ernst Weber.
D) Charles Darwin.

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was strongly influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin, who believed that behavior and mental processes served adaptive purposes that helped organisms survive and reproduce. Functionalists believed that studying the functions and purposes of behavior and mental processes was more important than studying their structure or components.

Question 3

The major emphasis of structuralism was the ____________
A) perception of whole units or patterns.
B) analysis of the basic elements of conscious mental experience.
C) function of conscious mental experience.
D) scientific study of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was focused on analyzing the basic elements of conscious mental experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images, through introspection. The emphasis was on breaking down complex experiences into their simplest components for study.

Question 4

Participants in research early in psychology's history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called _________.
A) hypnosis
B) introspection
C) psychosurgery
D) psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the method of examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. It was commonly used in the early days of psychology, particularly in the school of Structuralism, to try and understand the basic elements of consciousness. Participants would be asked to reflect on their own experiences and report their findings to the researcher.

Question 5

____________ is generally considered to be the "father of psychology."
A) Max Wertheimer
B) William James
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is widely recognized as the "father of psychology" because he established the first laboratory dedicated to experimental psychology in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. He is also known for his contributions to structuralism and the method of introspection.

Question 6

Which goal of psychology is most closely met through naturalistic observation?
A) altering behavior
B) predicting behavior
C) describing behavior
D) controlling behavior

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing and describing behavior in its natural setting, without interference or manipulation by the researcher. Therefore, this method is aimed at describing behavior, rather than altering, predicting or controlling it.

Question 7

Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best perform are interested in the goal of _____________.
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) control

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who give potential employees tests to determine the best job fit are interested in predicting future job performance based on their current abilities and skills.

Question 8

Dr. Wang is conducting a study to test ways of helping students reduce stress during exams. While taking practice exams, one group of students is trained in deep muscle relaxation and a second group is trained to visualize success. Dr. Wang's study compares the effectiveness of these two stress-reduction strategies. This is an example of _________
A) basic research.
B) applied research.
C) observational research.
D) theoretical research.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of applied research because the study aims to test and apply strategies for reducing stress in a specific context (during exams) and with a specific goal (improving academic performance). The study is not focused on generating new theories or knowledge about stress reduction, but instead on using existing theories to solve a practical problem.

Question 9

__________ research explores such topics as the nature of memory, brain function, or motivation.
A) Applied
B) Conceptual
C) Basic
D) Behavioral

Accepted Answer

Basic research, also known as fundamental or pure research, is conducted to expand knowledge about a particular subject without any immediate practical application or goal. This type of research mainly aims to answer theoretical questions and to understand how things work. Therefore, research exploring the nature of memory, brain function, or motivation would fall under basic research. Applied research (A) is conducted to solve practical problems and find solutions to real-world issues, such as medical treatments or designing better technologies. Conceptual research (B) aims to clarify abstract concepts and theories, while behavioral research (D) focuses on understanding human and animal behavior.

Question 10

Dr. Smith wants to know more about how our sensations become perceptions. She has developed a drawing that can be interpreted in different ways, depending on which parts of the drawing the viewer focuses on. Now she is showing the drawing to different people, and asking them to report what they see, any thoughts they may have as they view the drawing, and how their thoughts influence their perceptions. Dr. Smith's approach to this research most closely resembles ____________
A) structuralism.
B) functionalism.
C) Gestalt psychology.
D) evolutionary psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Smith wants to know more about...

Question 11

A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal of psychology?
A) describing behavior
B) explaining behavior
C) predicting behavior
D) controlling behavior

Accepted Answer

The teacher is describing Kate's behavior.

Question 12

Description is to assessment as _________ is to prognosis.
A) prediction
B) explanation
C) indication
D) influence

Accepted Answer

Assessment is the process of evaluating a patient's condition and making a diagnosis, while prognosis is the expected outcome of the patient's condition. Prediction is the closest term to prognosis in this context, as it involves forecasting or estimating future outcomes based on current conditions. The other answer choices (explanation, indication, influence) are not directly related to the concept of prognosis.

Question 13

Advocates of the school of structuralism were criticized for their reliance upon introspection ____________
A) because it did not provide for individual measurements of responses.
B) because it lacked objectivity.
C) because it relied too much upon free association.
D) because it did not lend itself to experimentation.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism relied heavily on introspection, which is a subjective method of observing and reporting one's own mental processes. This lack of objectivity was a major criticism of the school of thought.

Question 14

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?
A) They wanted to identify the major brain structures.
B) Their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind.
C) They focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system.
D) Their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

The perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers was called structuralism because their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience. They believed that conscious experience could be broken down into its basic components or structures through a process called introspection.

Question 15

The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called __________, which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences.
A) intervention
B) introspection
C) insight inventory
D) induction

Accepted Answer

Structuralism used introspection to study a person's experiences by having them report the contents of their consciousness.

Question 16

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) William James
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Max Wertheimer

Accepted Answer

William James was an early proponent of functionalism. He believed that psychology should focus on the adaptive functions of behavior and thought processes, rather than just the structure of the mind. James' book "Principles of Psychology" is considered a landmark in the development of functionalism.

Question 17

What is the best analogy for Wundt's and Titchener's mission for psychology?
A) a chart listing the basic chemical elements
B) a list of the courses required for graduation
C) a list of the types of clothing sold at a retail outlet
D) a computer program for word processing a term paper

Accepted Answer

Wundt and Titchener's mission for psychology was to create a structured and organized system for studying the basic elements of human consciousness, similar to a chart listing the basic chemical elements in chemistry.

Question 18

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________________
A) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements.
B) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior.
C) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness.
D) carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traits.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the founder of psychology and established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. At this laboratory, Wundt focused on the method of introspection, which involved breaking down sensations into their most basic elements. Therefore, it is likely that Gerhard will be trained in this method.

Question 19

Which of the following terms do NOT belong together?
A) structuralism; observable behavior
B) Gestalt; whole
C) psychoanalysis; unconscious conflict
D) natural selection; functionalism

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focuses on analyzing the components or structures of mental processes, while observable behavior is studied in behaviorism. These two terms do not belong together as structuralism does not place emphasis on observable behavior.

Question 20

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was developed by ______________.
A) William James
B) William Tell
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

The first psychological laboratory was developed by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. William James was an influential American psychologist who established the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Harvard University in 1875. William Tell is a legendary Swiss folk hero who shot an apple off his son's head with a crossbow. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis in the early 20th century.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology

Samuel is working to develop a new program to assist the elderly in improving their memories. Samuel is doing __________ research.

The school of psychology called functionalism was strongly influenced by the pioneering work of ____________

The major emphasis of structuralism was the ____________

Participants in research early in psychology's history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called _________.

____________ is generally considered to be the "father of psychology."

Which goal of psychology is most closely met through naturalistic observation?

Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best perform are interested in the goal of _____________.

__________ research explores such topics as the nature of memory, brain function, or motivation.

A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal of psychology?

Description is to assessment as _________ is to prognosis.

Advocates of the school of structuralism were criticized for their reliance upon introspection ____________

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?

The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called __________, which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences.

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?

What is the best analogy for Wundt's and Titchener's mission for psychology?

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________________

Which of the following terms do NOT belong together?

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was developed by ______________.