Question 1

Scientists believe that the first prokaryotes on Earth arose over ________ years ago, and the first eukaryotes arose about ________ years later.

Accepted Answer

The first prokaryotes are believed to have arisen over 3.5 billion years ago, while the first eukaryotes arose about 1.7 billion years later. Option A and B have the numbers swapped, while option D reverses the order of the events.

Question 2

Label the parts of the plant cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Label the parts of the plant cell.
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Question 3

Mitochondria convert food energy into a high-energy molecule that is directly usable by the cell, called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mitochondria convert food energy into a high-energy...

Question 4

Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?

Accepted Answer

The vacuole is responsible for storing water in plant cells. Therefore, when a plant is suffering from drought, the vacuole is the cell component that is most likely being affected. The loss of water from the vacuole is causing the wilting.

Question 5

Which organelle in a scavenging white blood cell would break down bacteria that had entered the body?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which organelle in a scavenging white blood...

Question 6

Label the parts of the animal cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Label the parts of the animal cell.
...

Question 7

The plasma membrane of a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is the outermost layer of the cell that separates the cell's contents from the external environment. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the cell by regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. While photosynthesis occurs within the chloroplasts of a eukaryotic cell, the plasma membrane is not directly involved in the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugars. Protein synthesis is controlled by the ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum within the cell, and cellulose is a component of the cell wall in plants, not the plasma membrane.

Question 8

Prokaryotic cells have

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall whereas eukaryotic cells do not. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, which are present in eukaryotic cells.

Question 9

The purported fossils in meteorite ALH84001 resemble modern prokaryotes called

Accepted Answer

The purported fossils in meteorite ALH84001 are believed to resemble nanobacteria, which are tiny, simple prokaryotic organisms resembling bacteria but lacking certain features found in typical bacteria.

Question 10

The reactions of cellular respiration occur in the

Accepted Answer

The reactions of cellular respiration, which include glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain, occur in the matrix of the mitochondria. This is where the enzymes needed for these processes are located.

Question 11

The ________ is the fundamental structural unit of life on Earth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the fundamental structural unit...

Question 12

Cell membranes are ________, which means that they allow certain molecules to pass through while preventing the passage of other molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cell membranes are ________, which means that...

Question 13

The antibiotic streptomycin prevents protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Which cell component is the most likely target of this antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Streptomycin is known to target the 30S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. It interferes with the initiation of translation by binding to the ribosome and causing misreading of the mRNA, leading to the production of non-functional or toxic proteins.

Question 14

The liquid interior of the chloroplast is called the

Accepted Answer

The liquid interior of the chloroplast is called the stroma.

Question 15

Prokaryotic cells are generally ________ the diameter of eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a diameter of approximately 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers, whereas eukaryotic cells have a diameter of approximately 10 to 100 micrometers. Therefore, prokaryotic cells are generally one-tenth the diameter of eukaryotic cells.

Quiz 2: Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Scientists believe that the first prokaryotes on Earth arose over years ago, and the first eukaryotes arose about years later.