Question 1

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and manic (overexcited) episodes. Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Schizophrenia is characterized by a range of symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Question 2

The highest rates of depression occur in ________ countries among ________.

Accepted Answer

Studies show that developed countries have higher rates of depression, and young adults (ages 18-25) are more likely to experience depression than any other age group.

Question 3

Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suicide rates in the United States are...

Question 4

Elmer, the owner of an auto service station, suddenly began smashing the front fenders and hoods of two customers' cars. When asked why, he excitedly explained that he was transforming the cars into "real racing machines." When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everybody was fired and quickly began breaking the car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Elmer's behavior is characterized by extreme excitement, impulsiveness, and reckless behavior, which are all symptoms of mania. This is likely indicative of an underlying mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder.

Question 5

Of those who commit suicide, about ________ have tried to kill themselves before and ________ discussed suicide beforehand.

Accepted Answer

Studies show that approximately one-third of those who commit suicide have attempted suicide before, and most have discussed suicide with someone beforehand.

Question 6

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder is a mental illness that is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. Individuals with this disorder may also experience a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed and changes in appetite and sleep patterns. Delusions of persecution, alterations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism, and a persistent irrational fear of other people are not typically associated with major depressive disorder.

Question 7

Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among

Accepted Answer

Gender differences in depression become more noticeable as individuals reach adolescence and young adulthood. Preadolescent children have not yet reached this stage of development, so gender differences are less apparent.

Question 8

A disorder in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as

Accepted Answer

Mania is a disorder characterized by elevated mood, overexcitement, hyperactivity, and unrealistic optimism. Paranoia involves a persistent belief that others are out to harm you, panic attacks involve sudden, intense fear or discomfort, and catatonia involves a state of unresponsiveness.

Question 9

Research regarding depression indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that depression is becoming more prevalent with each new generation. This could be due to a variety of factors such as increased societal pressures or changes in lifestyle. Options A and B are incorrect because research has repeatedly linked depression to stressful life events and individuals have been known to overcome depression without professional help. Option C is also incorrect as the association between depression and serotonin is complex and not fully understood.

Question 10

Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors. The professor's emphasis best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on the adaptive function of depression suggests an evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how traits and behaviors have evolved over time to promote survival and reproduction.

Question 11

Depression is more likely to be a shared tendency between identical twins than between fraternal twins. This most clearly supports explanations of this mood disorder from a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The fact that depression is more likely to be shared between identical twins than fraternal twins indicates a genetic factor, which is a central explanation from a biological perspective.

Question 12

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Gabrielle's symptoms are indicative of major depressive disorder, including feelings of worthlessness and lethargy, as well as social withdrawal. The other options do not fit her symptoms as well. Agoraphobia involves fear of leaving one's home, PTSD involves re-experiencing a traumatic event, and bipolar disorder typically involves fluctuations between periods of depression and mania, which are not described in the scenario.

Question 13

Compared with the general population, those who have suffered ________ have at least five times greater risk of suicide.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals who have suffered from major depressive disorder have at least five times greater risk of suicide compared to the general population.

Question 14

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to

Accepted Answer

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals typically experience increased energy, restlessness, and impulsivity, leading to overactivity and difficulty sleeping. They may also experience racing thoughts and talkativeness. Delusions, hallucinations, and uncontrollable grief are more commonly associated with psychotic episodes that can occur during either manic or depressive phases, but not necessarily during the manic phase alone.

Question 15

Sluggishness and inactivity are most likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

Sluggishness and inactivity are common symptoms of major depressive disorder, which is a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. Antisocial disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and dissociative disorder are not typically associated with these symptoms.

Question 16

Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suicide rates in the United States are...

Question 17

The heritability of bipolar disorder has been estimated to be ________ than the heritability of major depressive disorder and ________ than the heritability of generalized anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heritability of bipolar disorder has been...

Question 18

Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)

Accepted Answer

Cognitive changes that accompany depression often include an increased expectation of negative outcomes, such as the belief that things will never improve or that negative events are more likely to occur. This negative thinking can perpetuate and worsen depressive symptoms. The other choices are not consistent with typical cognitive changes seen in depression.

Question 19

The risk of suicide is greatest when people

Accepted Answer

The answer of The risk of suicide is greatest when...

Question 20

George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of

Accepted Answer

Many scholars and historians believe that Handel displayed symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder, including periods of intense productivity and elevated moods followed by periods of deep depression. Handel's composition of Messiah during a three-week period is consistent with this pattern of intense, creative energy.

Quiz 49: Mood Disorders