Question 1

When instructing a client with diabetes about glucose balance,the nurse explains that following a meal,glucose that is not needed for immediate energy needs is stored as:

Accepted Answer

Glucose that is not needed for immediate energy needs is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Question 2

A client is scheduled for a hemoglobin A1c laboratory test.The nurse explains to the client that this test monitors:

Accepted Answer

The hemoglobin A1c test measures the level of glucose in the blood over the past 2-3 months by measuring the percentage of glucose that has become attached to hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. This provides an average of blood glucose levels over time and helps monitor diabetes control.

Question 3

Prior to administering glyburide,the nurse will review a client's allergies because this medication is contraindicated in clients who are allergic to:

Accepted Answer

Glyburide is a sulfonylurea medication and is contraindicated in clients with a known allergy to sulfa drugs. This is because sulfonylurea medications have a similar chemical structure to sulfa drugs and may cause an allergic reaction in clients who are allergic to sulfa drugs.

Question 4

A client is prescribed insulin via the intravenous (IV)route.Which insulin will the nurse administer to this client?

Accepted Answer

Regular insulin is the only insulin that can be administered via IV route. Glulisine, aspart, and lispro are all rapid-acting insulin that are administered subcutaneously.

Question 5

A client is acutely confused,sweating,and complaining of a headache.The nurse suspects hypoglycemia.The nurse's next action is to obtain:

Accepted Answer

A capillary blood glucose level is the quickest and most easily accessible method to determine if the client's symptoms are due to hypoglycemia. A serum blood glucose test is more accurate but takes longer to obtain results. A glucose tolerance test is not indicated in an acute situation. Serum electrolytes may be obtained later, but are not the first priority in this situation.

Question 6

The nurse should instruct a client to avoid which substance while taking a sulfonylurea medication?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylurea medications, leading to severe hypoglycemia. Therefore, clients taking sulfonylurea medications should be instructed to avoid alcohol.

Question 7

When teaching a client about a prescribed second-generation sulfonylurea for blood glucose control,the nurse explains that the advantage of this medication is that it:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When teaching a client about a prescribed...

Question 8

Which body tissue or organ cannot synthesize glucose for its energy supply?

Accepted Answer

The brain is primarily dependent on glucose for energy and cannot synthesize it de novo, making it reliant on a continuous supply from the blood. The kidneys, lungs, and heart are capable of glucose synthesis to varying degrees.

Question 9

Even though the normal range for serum glucose is 60-100 mg/dL,the body usually tightly regulates this level to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even though the normal range for serum...

Question 10

What should the nurse instruct a client who is diagnosed with diabetes? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What should the nurse instruct a client...

Question 11

The nurse explains that the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)is that clients with HHS:

Accepted Answer

Clients with HHS do not manifest ketoacidosis, while clients with DKA have a buildup of ketones in the blood leading to ketoacidosis. Although clients with HHS may be dehydrated and have elevated glucose levels, confusion is a more common symptom in severe DKA.

Question 12

What will the nurse describe to a client as risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What will the nurse describe to a...

Question 13

When caring for a client with diabetes,the nurse knows that the client is experiencing a breakdown of fatty acids for fuel because of which serum laboratory finding?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fatty acids results in the production of ketones, which can be detected in the serum laboratory finding. Elevated ketone levels can indicate that the client's diabetes is poorly controlled and can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication.

Question 14

When instructing a client,the nurse explains that the primary factor contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes is:

Accepted Answer

Obesity is the primary risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. People who are overweight or have a high BMI are at a much greater risk for developing insulin resistance, which can eventually lead to diabetes. While age, ethnicity, and a sedentary lifestyle can all be contributing factors, obesity is the most significant risk factor.

Question 15

The nurse is instructing a client on the effects of insulin.What will the nurse include as the primary adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

The primary adverse effect of insulin is hypoglycemia, which occurs when the blood glucose levels drop too low. This can result in symptoms such as sweating, shakiness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness if severe. Somogyi phenomenon, swollen lymph glands, and urticaria are not primary adverse effects of insulin.

Question 16

A client is prescribed the insulin with the least rapid onset.Which insulin will the nurse administer to this client?

Accepted Answer

Regular insulin has a slower onset of action compared to other rapid-acting insulins such as glulisine, aspart, and lispro. Therefore, it would be the best choice for a client who requires insulin with the least rapid onset.

Question 17

The nurse,preparing medications for a client with diabetes,recognizes that what percentage of adults with diabetes take oral agents only?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse,preparing medications for a client with...

Question 18

The nurse,instructing a group of community members on chronic health problems,explains that the leading cause of blindness in the United States is:

Accepted Answer

The leading cause of blindness in the United States is diabetic retinopathy, which is a complication of diabetes where high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina.

Question 19

Which drug would alter a client's ability to recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, making it harder for a person to recognize when their blood sugar levels are low. This is because beta blockers can inhibit the body's natural adrenaline response, which is one of the ways the body signals low blood sugar.

Question 20

A client with diabetes is experiencing polyuria.The nurse explains that polyuria is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Polyuria in diabetes is typically caused by osmotic diuresis, which occurs as a result of high glucose levels in the blood leading to increased urination to eliminate excess glucose. Inflammation of the glomerulus, lack of albumin, and excessive fluid intake are not typically associated with polyuria in diabetes.

Quiz 66: Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus