Question 1

The nurse is explaining the process of synaptic transmission to the client who is taking medication that will affect it.Which client statement would indicate the need for further instruction?

Accepted Answer

The statement that the two primary neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are epinephrine and dopamine is incorrect. The primary neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Therefore, further instruction is necessary to ensure the client has accurate information about synaptic transmission.

Question 2

Which type of medication inhibits autonomic responses at target organs or glands?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

The client presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash.Vital signs on admission are heart rate 56,respiratory rate 16,blood pressure 150/90,and temperature 97°F.Which vital sign finding indicates a sympathetic nervous system response?

Accepted Answer

An increase in blood pressure is a sympathetic nervous system response, as the body's natural response to stress is to release adrenaline, which constricts blood vessels, leading to an increase in blood pressure. The other vital signs can be influenced by a variety of factors and may not necessarily indicate a sympathetic nervous system response.

Question 4

Which response is produced by muscarinic receptors containing acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptors containing acetylcholine cause decreased heart rate.

Question 5

A client is prescribed an autonomic medication and asks the nurse how it works.Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic medications work by targeting specific organs or systems in the body and producing a desired response. This is because the autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating the body's unconscious functions, such as heart rate and digestion. By targeting specific receptors, autonomic medications can help to balance or adjust the functioning of these systems. Options A and B are vague and do not provide specific information about how the medication works. Option C suggests that the medication is mimicking a substance that the client is missing, which is not necessarily accurate for all autonomic medications.

Question 6

How is the process of synaptic transmission best described?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic transmission is the process by which a neuron communicates with another cell (neuron or muscle cell) through the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. This communication helps to transmit information from one cell to another.

Question 7

Which clinical manifestations indicate a central nervous system dysfunction? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which clinical manifestations indicate a central nervous...

Question 8

Which factor is primarily responsible for the difference between the speed of somatic transmission and autonomic transmission of nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

The presence of myelin is primarily responsible for the difference between the speed of somatic transmission and autonomic transmission of nerve impulses. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates some nerve fibers, allowing them to transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated fibers. Somatic fibers are typically myelinated, while autonomic fibers may be either myelinated or unmyelinated.

Question 9

Which response is produced by nicotinic receptors containing acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors containing acetylcholine increase blood pressure. This is because they are located on the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, which when activated by acetylcholine, release norepinephrine and cause vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in blood pressure. The other options listed are more commonly associated with other types of receptors and neurotransmitters.

Question 10

The termination of norepinephrine (NE)occurs through the process of reuptake.Which phrase best describes this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The termination of norepinephrine (NE)occurs through the...

Question 11

Adrenergic synapses containing alpha receptors are primarily responsible for which function?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adrenergic synapses containing alpha receptors are primarily...

Question 12

Given the main functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS),which nursing action would be a priority consideration in providing care for clients with an autonomic dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

The ANS plays a crucial role in regulating cardiac function, so monitoring cardiac rhythms would be a priority consideration when providing care for clients with autonomic dysfunction. Providing information for urodynamic testing, performing a mental status assessment, and administering antacids may also be important interventions depending on the specific type of autonomic dysfunction, but monitoring cardiac rhythms would be the top priority.

Question 13

Which statement best describes the action of norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that binds to adrenergic receptors to produce a physiological response. It is released from the ends of postganglionic nerves and plays a role in the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress and physiological arousal. The activation of beta receptors by norepinephrine can lead to increased heart rate and contractility, while the stimulation of alpha receptors can cause vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Question 14

Which statement explains how autonomic drugs affect synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement explains how autonomic drugs affect...

Question 15

Which laboratory value indicates a response to the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels increase in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system, as part of the body's fight or flight response.

Question 16

Which is an example of an autonomic function?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic functions are involuntary actions controlled by the autonomic nervous system, such as the contraction of cardiac muscles. Movement of skeletal muscles, organization of thought, and awareness of position are all controlled by the somatic nervous system, which is responsible for voluntary actions.

Question 17

Which system is comprised of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are both components of the peripheral nervous system, which is responsible for connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to limbs and organs, essentially acting as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.

Question 18

What are the components of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is divided into two main components: the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside of the CNS. The PNS can be further divided into the sensory division, which carries sensory information to the CNS, and the motor division, which carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are all partially correct, but do not fully describe all components of the nervous system.

Question 19

The main action of acetylcholine (ACh)at cholinergic synapses in the peripheral nervous system results in which act?

Accepted Answer

The main action of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses in the peripheral nervous system is to stimulate the contraction of skeletal muscle. This is why ACh is considered the primary neurotransmitter of the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. ACh has other effects in the body as well but its primary action is the stimulation of skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 20

Which assessment finding is reflective of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Frequent bowel movements are reflective of the parasympathetic nervous system's role in promoting rest and digest functions, which includes stimulating digestion and bowel movements.

Quiz 12: Review of Neurotransmitters and the Autonomic Nervous System