Question 1

Coronary heart disease is the Number 1 cause of death among adults. Consider the categories of psychosocial risk factors described in the textbook: behavioral choice, stress, the environment, and personality. Which specific psychosocial risk factors might elevate your own chances of developing CHD? How might you mitigate or eliminate these factors? Provide as thoughtful a response as you can.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coronary heart disease is the Number 1...

Question 2

Moderate alcohol use increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Moderate alcohol use has been associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in some studies, but it's important to note that alcohol consumption also carries risks and should be approached with caution.

Question 3

Cancer is more likely to spread if the patient is single.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is more likely to spread if the patient is single because they may not have the same level of support from family and friends as married patients. This can lead to them being less likely to seek medical attention when they need it, which can delay diagnosis and treatment.

Question 4

As compared to women with breast cancer who are less involved in decision-making regarding their treatment and follow-up, women who are MORE involved in decision-making show ______.

Accepted Answer

Women who are more involved in decision-making regarding their treatment and follow-up for breast cancer tend to show more improvement for a long time. This is because active participation in healthcare decisions can lead to better adherence to treatment plans, increased satisfaction with care, and improved health outcomes.

Question 5

Each year, one in four deaths are due to heart disease.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States.

Question 6

About 15-20% of breast cancers are clearly linked to genetic factors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About 15-20% of breast cancers are clearly...

Question 7

With respect to the evaluation of the effectiveness of social support groups for cancer patients, the research evidence is BEST described as ______.

Accepted Answer

The research evidence for the effectiveness of social support groups for cancer patients is mixed, with some studies reporting positive effects on psychosocial outcomes such as mood and quality of life, and others reporting no significant effects. Overall, the findings suggest that social support groups are a potentially beneficial intervention, but their effectiveness may depend on various factors, such as the type of cancer, the stage of illness, and the characteristics of the group participants.

Question 8

About 65% of all cases of cancer stem from smoking cigarettes.

Accepted Answer

While smoking is a major risk factor for cancer, it is not responsible for 65% of all cancer cases. The percentage of cancer cases attributable to smoking is significant but varies by cancer type and is generally lower than 65%. Smoking is most strongly linked to lung cancer, but not all cancer cases overall.

Question 9

As compared to married cancer patients, single cancer patients are more likely to ______.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that single cancer patients are more likely to have advanced cancer at diagnosis and therefore have a higher likelihood of having metastatic cancer. Married cancer patients, on the other hand, are more likely to have their cancer detected at an earlier stage, receive more appropriate treatment, and live longer. Being married provides emotional, social, and practical support that can positively impact a cancer patient's outcomes.

Question 10

After surviving breast cancer, Carol finds her closest relationships are deeper than they had been, and her spiritual life seems richer. Carol's example BEST illustrates ______.

Accepted Answer

Post-traumatic growth refers to positive changes or developments that occur following a traumatic or challenging life event, such as surviving cancer. This growth can involve a deeper appreciation for life or relationships, spiritual growth, a sense of personal strength or resilience, or a greater appreciation for life's meaning and purpose. Carol's experience aligns with post-traumatic growth, as she has found deeper relationships and a richer spiritual life following her battle with cancer.

Question 11

Over 20% of those diagnosed with cancer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD 6 months later.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have found that approximately 20-25% of cancer patients meet diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) six months after their diagnosis. This can be due to the traumatic nature of the experience, as well as the potential for ongoing medical treatment and uncertainty about the future.

Question 12

Which character BEST reflects the Type C personality?

Accepted Answer

Type C personality is characterized by a tendency to be perfectionistic, detail-oriented, and conscientious, which aligns with "Perfect" Paula.

Question 13

Distinguish among personality Types A and D, and identify which is/are associated with coronary heart disease, and which is/are associated with cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish among personality Types A and D,...

Question 14

Feeling lonely or socially isolated may increase the risk of angina, a heart attack, or stroke by about 30%.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that loneliness and social isolation are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, and stroke. A meta-analysis of 16 studies found that social isolation and loneliness were associated with a 29% and a 32% increased risk of coronary heart disease, respectively. Other studies have also shown that social isolation and loneliness are associated with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, inflammation, and obesity.

Question 15

An anger management program is likely to reduce the risk of a heart attack recurring.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown a link between high levels of anger and the risk of heart disease. Enrolling in an anger management program, which helps individuals learn to manage and control their anger, can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and improve overall heart health, ultimately reducing the risk of a heart attack recurring.

Quiz 11: Leading Causes of Mortality: Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer