Question 1

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

The transporter protein ATPase is directly related to sodium and potassium transport via active transport.Electrolyte movements require energy and do not move passively, nor are they transported by diffusion.Enzymes, not electrolytes, are passed via coupled channels.

Question 2

Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell's bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?

Accepted Answer

Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer.Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.

Question 3

A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.Which phases should the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catabolism.

Question 4

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.The athlete asks the nurse why this happened.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results.None of the other options are involved in muscle contraction.

Question 5

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

Accepted Answer

The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed.A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.

Question 6

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25-30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space.Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.It does not involve pressure or force.Diffusion is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration.Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.

Question 7

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

Accepted Answer

Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration of molecules per weight of water, while osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution, or the concentration of molecules per volume of solution.Osmotic pressure is the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water.Oncotic pressure is from plasma proteins, not body fluids.

Question 8

A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration.Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane.Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration.Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against a cell membrane.In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.

Question 9

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication.In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

Accepted Answer

The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell's nucleus.Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing.Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.

Question 10

Which description accurately describes electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules.They are not lipid soluble, they are not made up of protein, and they do not play a role in ATP production.

Question 11

Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated during the citric acid cycle.Digestion does not produce any ATP.

Question 12

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon.None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.

Question 13

The ion transporter that moves Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

Accepted Answer

When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport.There is no such term as biport.Uniport refers to the movement of a single molecule.Antiport refers to the movement of molecules in the opposite direction.

Question 14

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure)is determined by:

Accepted Answer

Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins.The concentration of sodium plays a role in tonicity.Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel.Membrane transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.

Question 15

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

Accepted Answer

The cell's ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.

Question 16

Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?

Accepted Answer

Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.

Question 17

A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?

Accepted Answer

Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize.

Question 18

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

Accepted Answer

When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs.The electron-transport chain is part of the citric acid cycle.Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen.Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP.It is not part of muscle performance.

Question 19

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

Accepted Answer

Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells.Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular communication.

Question 20

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the reaction.Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.

Quiz 1: Cellular Biology

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell's bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?

A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.Which phases should the nurse include?

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.The athlete asks the nurse why this happened.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration.Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication.In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

Which description accurately describes electrolytes?

Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

The ion transporter that moves Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?

A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

Quiz 1: Cellular Biology

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell's bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?

A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.Which phases should the nurse include?

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.The athlete asks the nurse why this happened.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration.Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication.In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

Which description accurately describes electrolytes?

Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca²+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?

A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

The ion transporter that moves Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?