Question 1

Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is:
A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgE.

Accepted Answer

IgG is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins, constituting 80-85% of the immunoglobulins in the blood.

Question 2

Which of the following statements indicates more teaching is needed regarding secondary lymph organs? ________ is/are a secondary lymphoid organ.
A) The spleen
B) Peyer patches
C) Adenoids
D) The liver

Accepted Answer

The liver is not a secondary lymph organ.The spleen, Peyer patches, and adenoids are secondary lymphoid organs.

Question 3

A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup.The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero.Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth?
A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgD

Accepted Answer

IgM is synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in utero.

Question 4

Direct effects of antibodies include: (select all that apply)
A) neutralization.
B) agglutination.
C) precipitation.
D) phagocytosis.
E) division.

Accepted Answer

Directly, antibodies can affect infectious agents or their toxic products by neutralization (inactivating or blocking the binding of antigen to receptors), agglutination (clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension), or precipitation (making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate).Indirectly, antibodies activate components of innate resistance, including complement and phagocytes.Antibodies are generally a mixed population of classes, specificities, and capacity to provide the functions listed above.

Question 5

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is:
A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgE.

Accepted Answer

IgM is the largest immunoglobulin and is the first antibody produced during the initial, or primary, response to antigen.

Question 6

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard.He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER.The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
A) toxoids.
B) IgA.
C) IgE.
D) IgM.

Accepted Answer

IgE is normally at low concentrations in the circulation.It has very specialized functions as a mediator of many common allergic responses.Neither toxoids, IgA, nor IgM is the mediator of common allergic response.

Question 7

A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria.Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?
A) Malaria
B) Tetanus
C) Smallpox
D) Hepatitis

Accepted Answer

Some bacteria secrete toxins that harm individuals.For instance, specific bacterial toxins cause the symptoms of tetanus or diphtheria.This is not true of malaria, smallpox, or hepatitis.

Question 8

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for major histocompatibility complex.Which of the following would be expected?
A) MHC I only
B) MHC II only
C) MHC I and II
D) Neither MHC I nor MHC II

Accepted Answer

MHC I and II would be expected.

Question 9

Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:
A) has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization.
B) receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor.
C) has T cells that become B cells.
D) receives immunoglobulin.

Accepted Answer

Active immunity occurs either after natural exposure to an antigen or after immunization, not with preformed antibodies or the transformation of T cells into B cells or as a result of receiving immunoglobulin.

Question 10

A patient has done research on monoclonal antibodies on the Internet.Which statement indicates a correct understanding? Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:
A) T lymphocytes.
B) bone marrow.
C) laboratories.
D) fetuses.

Accepted Answer

Monoclonal antibodies are produced in the laboratory from one B cell that has been cloned; thus, the entire antibody is of the same class, specificity, and function.Pure monoclonal antibodies are not produced by T lymphocytes, bone marrow, or fetuses.

Question 11

Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection?
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Antigens
D) Lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

The lymphocytes remain dormant until an antigen initiates clonal selection.T cells do not initiate clonal selection.B cells are antibodies.Lymphocytes are released into the circulation as immature cells that react with antigens.

Question 12

Which portion of the antibody is responsible for the biologic functions of antibodies?
A) Heavy chain
B) Variable region
C) Fc portion
D) Epitope

Accepted Answer

The Fc portion is responsible for most of the functions of antibodies.None of the remaining options are responsible for most of the functions of antibodies.

Question 13

While planning care for an elderly patient, the nurse remembers that increased age is associated with: (select all that apply)
A) increased T-cell function.
B) decreased immune function.
C) increased production of antibodies.
D) decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes.
E) decreased ability to fight infection.

Accepted Answer

Increased age is associated with diminished T-cell function, decreased immune function, diminished production of antibody responses, decreased circulating immune complexes, and decreased ability to fight infection.

Question 14

A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses.Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity?
A) Culture and sensitivity
B) Agglutination
C) Precipitation
D) Titer

Accepted Answer

The amount of antibody in a serum sample is referred to as the titer; a higher titer indicates more antibodies.Culture determines the type of organism that causes an infection, and sensitivity identifies the antibody it is sensitive to.The terms agglutination and precipitation are not used to identify a test to determine immunity.

Question 15

When a patient asks about secondary lymph organs, how should the nurse respond? Secondary lymph organs include: (select all that apply)
A) the spleen.
B) Peyer patches.
C) adenoids.
D) the liver.
E) bone marrow.
F) the appendix.

Accepted Answer

The secondary lymphoid organs include the spleen, lymph nodes, adenoids, tonsils, Peyer patches (intestines), and appendix.The liver and bone marrow are not secondary lymph organs.

Question 16

A 25-year-old female has sexual relations with her boyfriend.Later she is told that the boyfriend is infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Testing reveals that she does not have the disease.How is it possible that she did not contract the disease?
A) Antibodies covered sites of attachment.
B) She was vaccinated against it.
C) Platelets provided protection.
D) IgE was released.

Accepted Answer

Some bacteria, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae that causes gonorrhea, must attach to specific sites on urogenital epithelial cells.Antibodies may protect the host by covering sites on the microorganism that are needed for attachment, thereby preventing infection.Neither a vaccination, the protection of platelets, nor the release of IgE was relevant to the client's ability to avoid contracting this disease.

Question 17

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response.The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens.Which cells should be isolated?
A) Lymphokine-producing cells
B) T-cytotoxic cells
C) Helper T cells
D) Macrophages

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity is driven by T-cytotoxic (Tc)cells that attack antigens directly and destroy cells that bear foreign antigens.Lymphokine-producing cells, helper T cells, and macrophages do not attack antigens directly and destroy cells that bear foreign antigens.

Question 18

A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system.Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?
A) Antibodies
B) Cytotoxic T cells
C) Self-antigens
D) Helper T cells

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that mature from lymphocytes, called B lymphocytes (B cells), in response to an antigen.Cytotoxic T cells do not respond to antigens.Self-antigens do not respond to antigens.Helper T cells do not respond to antigens.

Question 19

An immunology nurse is caring for a patient.While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the:
A) blood.
B) kidneys.
C) lungs.
D) mucous membranes.

Accepted Answer

IgA1 is found predominantly in the blood.

Question 20

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections.A possible cause of this condition is:
A) hypergammaglobulinemia.
B) increased maternal IgG.
C) immune insufficiency.
D) decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Normal human infants are immunologically immature when born, with deficiencies in antibody production, phagocytic activity, and complement activity, especially components of alternative pathways.They do not possess hypergammaglobulinemia.Possessing increased maternal IgG would not lead to recurring infections.The recurrent infections are due to decreased immunity, not maternal antibody breakdown.

Quiz 7: Adaptive Immunity

Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is:

Which of the following statements indicates more teaching is needed regarding secondary lymph organs? ________ is/are a secondary lymphoid organ.

A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup.The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero.Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth?

Direct effects of antibodies include: (select all that apply)

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is:

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard.He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER.The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:

A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria.Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for major histocompatibility complex.Which of the following would be expected?

Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:

A patient has done research on monoclonal antibodies on the Internet.Which statement indicates a correct understanding? Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:

Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection?

Which portion of the antibody is responsible for the biologic functions of antibodies?

While planning care for an elderly patient, the nurse remembers that increased age is associated with: (select all that apply)

A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses.Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity?

When a patient asks about secondary lymph organs, how should the nurse respond? Secondary lymph organs include: (select all that apply)

A 25-year-old female has sexual relations with her boyfriend.Later she is told that the boyfriend is infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Testing reveals that she does not have the disease.How is it possible that she did not contract the disease?

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response.The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens.Which cells should be isolated?

A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system.Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?

An immunology nurse is caring for a patient.While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the:

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections.A possible cause of this condition is: