Question 1

According to the textbook,what is a requirement for goal-setting theory?

Accepted Answer

Employee commitment is essential for goal-setting theory as it ensures that employees are motivated to achieve the set goals.

Question 2

What is one way that North American motivation theories differ from that of other cultures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is one way that North American...

Question 3

What factor is commonly used to motivate Olympic athletes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factor is commonly used to motivate...

Question 4

Which statement best exemplifies the relationship between hygiene and motivation factors?

Accepted Answer

Hygiene and motivation factors are independent according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, where hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction and motivation factors lead to satisfaction.

Question 5

What is one of the limitations of expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory focuses on individual motivations based on expected outcomes and personal gains, making it less effective in explaining altruistic behavior where actions are taken for the benefit of others without personal gain.

Question 6

Which factor would be an element of a goal that states sales must increase by three percent?

Accepted Answer

The goal specifies a quantifiable target (three percent increase), making it measurable.

Question 7

What is a defining characteristic of equity theory?

Accepted Answer

Equity theory is primarily concerned with distributive justice, which is the perceived fairness of the distribution of resources and rewards.

Question 8

Josh is comfortable with an equity ratio greater than Dan,even though they perform the same job,work the same hours,and their work effort is very similar.According to revisions in equity theory,which statement exemplifies Josh?

Accepted Answer

Josh believes he deserves more equity than Dan, even though their contributions are equal. This is consistent with the behavior of an entitled person.

Question 9

According to expectancy theory,what do individuals base their behaviour on?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that individuals base their behavior on anticipated outcomes, as they are motivated by the expected results of their actions.

Question 10

What type of individual is an employee who does not show concern over a colleague's larger bonus?

Accepted Answer

A benevolent individual is someone who is less concerned with personal gain and is more accepting of others receiving more benefits or rewards.

Question 11

According to expectancy theory,what is the probable employee reaction in the case of repeated failure when the likelihood of reward has dropped?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that if employees repeatedly fail and perceive that the likelihood of receiving a reward has decreased, they are likely to reduce their effort because they no longer expect that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes.

Question 12

Which statement best summarizes equity theory?

Accepted Answer

Equity theory posits that individuals are motivated by fairness in their interactions and will adjust their input or output to maintain perceived equity in social exchanges.

Question 13

An important revision to Adams's original equity theory involves individual preferences for equity.Which of the following applies to an equity-sensitive individual?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An important revision to Adams's original equity...

Question 14

What does the statement,"What are my chances of getting the rewards I value if I satisfactorily complete my job" exemplify?

Accepted Answer

The statement exemplifies "instrumentality," which refers to the belief that if one performs well, then a valued outcome will be received.

Question 15

What motivational theory uses the terms specific,measurable,achievable,realistic,and time-bound?

Accepted Answer

The motivational theory that uses the terms specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound is the Goal-Setting Theory. These terms are often referred to as SMART criteria, which are used to set clear and attainable goals.

Question 16

Which statement would best express your feelings if you did not receive the same recognition as your colleague,for the same amount of effort and work,in a project you had completed together?

Accepted Answer

Negative inequity refers to the feeling of unfairness when one perceives they have received less recognition or reward compared to others for the same effort or work.

Question 17

What has research indicated is a result of assigning goals to negotiators,which are specific and challenging?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that setting specific and challenging goals for negotiators tends to lead to higher performance and more profits, as it encourages greater effort and persistence.

Question 18

Which theory includes the factors of effort,performance,and outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory includes the factors of effort, performance, and outcomes, explaining how individuals are motivated based on their expectations of the relationship between these factors.

Question 19

According to the expectancy theory of motivation,what can employees most easily adjust?

Accepted Answer

Employees can most easily adjust their effort, as it is within their control to increase or decrease the amount of effort they put into their work. Expectancy theory suggests that motivation is influenced by the belief that increased effort will lead to better performance.

Question 20

What is the term for the importance and value placed on a reward in expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

Valence refers to the importance and value placed on a reward in expectancy theory.

Quiz 5: Motivation at Work