Question 1

A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through research and experimentation, often involving the relationship between variables.

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of bias?
A) Bias refers to systematic errors in measurement
B) Bias involves value judgments about the decisions pertaining to a test
C) Bias primarily pertains to qualitative assessments
D) Bias refers to a lack of relationship to group membership

Accepted Answer

Bias refers to systematic errors in measurement that can lead to inaccurate results or conclusions.

Question 3

Correlation coefficients range from 0.00 to 1.00.

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficients range from -1.00 to 1.00, indicating the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

Question 4

As the district manager of McBurger King Restaurants across Canada, you believe that your employees' performance is based upon whether or not they have had any previous work experience, but only when personality is taken into account.In this example, what is work experience?
A) a criterion
B) a mediator
C) a moderator
D) a predictor

Accepted Answer

Work experience is considered a predictor because it is a variable that is believed to influence employees' performance, especially when personality is also considered.

Question 5

Which of the following is a strength of quasi-experimental research designs?
A) They allow researchers to make cause and effect conclusions.
B) They have the advantage of being conducted in a lab setting.
C) They involve studying naturally-occurring work groups in applied work settings.
D) Researchers can randomly assign the participants to different conditions or groups.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs are often used in real-world settings where random assignment is not possible, allowing researchers to study naturally-occurring groups and situations.

Question 6

The extent of linear relationship between any two variables can be described numerically using which of the following?
A) an F-test
B) a scatter plot
C) a meta-analysis
D) a correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient numerically describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

Question 7

According to Alfred Whitehead (1967), how can we characterize "science"?
A) science is atheoretical
B) science does not accept prediction and causality as legitimate
C) science uses specific rules and procedures in the search for new knowledge
D) science is primarily concerned with observers' perception

Accepted Answer

Science is characterized by its use of specific rules and procedures in the systematic search for new knowledge, which involves forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing results to understand natural phenomena.

Question 8

Which of the following is a principle of fairness as it relates to assessment and selection?
A) Fairness is clearly defined in terms of psychometric properties.
B) Fairness refers to the content of a test.
C) Fairness is a statistical concept that can be defined quantitatively.
D) Fairness refers to value judgments about decisions made based on assessments.

Accepted Answer

Fairness in assessment and selection refers to the value judgments about the decisions made based on assessments, considering the impact on individuals and groups, rather than being solely a statistical or psychometric concept.

Question 9

You want to conduct a study to examine whether an existing measure, the Job Knowledge Scale (JKS), is valid, such that it predicts job performance.However, you are unable to collect enough data to make any meaningful conclusions.Therefore, you decide to get evidence through a meta-analysis of other studies that have examined its validity.Which of the following will you most likely conduct?
A) fairness analysis
B) validity generalization study
C) qualitative analysis
D) psychometric assessment

Accepted Answer

A validity generalization study is a type of meta-analysis that examines the extent to which a test's validity can be generalized across different settings, samples, and conditions.

Question 10

The degree of linear relationship between two variables is known as a criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

The degree of linear relationship between two variables is known as correlation, not a criterion variable. A criterion variable is the dependent variable in a study.

Question 11

Ideally, when determining the criterion-related validity of a test, we DO NOT use data from that test to hire the employees because of which problem?
A) multiple regression lines
B) differential validity
C) restriction of range
D) validity generalization

Accepted Answer

Restriction of range occurs when the test is used to hire employees, as only those who scored well are selected, leading to a limited range of scores and potentially skewed validity results.

Question 12

As the district manager of McBurger King Restaurants across Canada, you believe that your employees' performance is based upon whether or not they have had any previous work experience, but only when personality is taken into account.In this example, what is performance?
A) a criterion
B) a mediator
C) a moderator
D) a predictor

Accepted Answer

Performance is the outcome or criterion being measured to assess the effect of previous work experience and personality.

Question 13

What is a hypothesis?
A) a prediction about the relationship between two or more events, objects, people, or phenomena
B) a value judgment about the decisions pertaining to a test or analysis in a study
C) a causal relationship among two or more variables or events
D) a qualitative assessment about an observation pertaining to behaviours or phenomena

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more events, objects, people, or phenomena, often formulated as a statement that can be tested through research and experimentation.

Question 14

Future Inc., a high tech firm, wants to implement a new computerized selection program for its assembly personnel.First, however, it wanted to ensure that the new program is at least as effective as the existing paper and pencil test. Last year all entry-level employees were administered both the paper and pencil and computerized tests and performance data for these employees were collected.Their performance was then compared with the computerized test results.What can this comparison best be described as?
A) an indicator of predictive validity evidence
B) an indicator of concurrent evidence
C) an indicator of equivalent forms reliability
D) an indicator of test-retest reliability

Accepted Answer

The comparison of test results with current performance data is an indicator of concurrent validity evidence, as it assesses how well the new test correlates with existing measures of performance.

Question 15

What is c in the equation Y = bX + c ?
A) predictor
B) slope
C) intercept
D) criterion

Accepted Answer

In the equation Y = bX + c, "c" represents the intercept, which is the value of Y when X is zero.

Question 16

What does strict adherence to ethical principles by I/O psychologists ensure?
A) I/O psychologists are aware of changes in their environment
B) information about individuals or clients is shared with others as required
C) data is used only for the purpose(s) for which they were intended
D) I/O psychologists may engage in research

Accepted Answer

Strict adherence to ethical principles ensures that data is used only for the purposes for which they were intended, protecting the confidentiality and integrity of the information.

Question 17

You have conducted a field study with 300 employees from a variety of organizations.You are examining the relationship between employee personality and job performance.You have found that performance is negatively correlated with one personality component .Which of the following are you MOST likely to conclude?
A) Highly neurotic employees are successful.
B) Low neuroticism scores cause higher job performance.
C) Employees who score low on neuroticism tend to have higher levels of performance.
D) The relationship between neuroticism and performance is determined by a third variable (such as supervisor support).

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation between neuroticism and job performance suggests that as neuroticism decreases, job performance tends to increase. Therefore, employees with lower neuroticism scores are likely to have higher performance levels.

Question 18

Which one of the following does the reliability of a test involve?
A) the ability to make inferences about constructs from test scores
B) the extent to which scores are free from measurement errors
C) a set of systematically interrelated concepts
D) the extent to which your inferences about a test are legitimate.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of test scores, indicating the extent to which they are free from measurement errors.

Question 19

What is b in the equation Y = bX + c ?
A) constant
B) slope
C) intercept
D) baseline

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is b in the equation Y...

Question 20

Future Inc., a high tech firm, wants to implement a new computerized selection program for its assembly personnel.First, however, it wants to ensure that the new program is at least as effective as the existing paper and pencil test. Last year, all entry-level employees were administered both the paper and pencil and computerized tests, but were hired based only on paper and pencil results.This year, performance data for these employees were compared with the computerized test results.What can this comparison best be described as?
A) an indicator of predictive validity
B) an indicator of equivalent forms reliability
C) an indicator of concurrent validity
D) an indicator of test-retest reliability

Accepted Answer

The answer of Future Inc., a high tech firm, wants...

Quiz 2: Scientific Methods

A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

Which of the following is a characteristic of bias?

Correlation coefficients range from 0.00 to 1.00.

As the district manager of McBurger King Restaurants across Canada, you believe that your employees' performance is based upon whether or not they have had any previous work experience, but only when personality is taken into account.In this example, what is work experience?

Which of the following is a strength of quasi-experimental research designs?

The extent of linear relationship between any two variables can be described numerically using which of the following?

According to Alfred Whitehead (1967) , how can we characterize "science"?

Which of the following is a principle of fairness as it relates to assessment and selection?

The degree of linear relationship between two variables is known as a criterion variable.

Ideally, when determining the criterion-related validity of a test, we DO NOT use data from that test to hire the employees because of which problem?

As the district manager of McBurger King Restaurants across Canada, you believe that your employees' performance is based upon whether or not they have had any previous work experience, but only when personality is taken into account.In this example, what is performance?

What is a hypothesis?

What is c in the equation Y = bX + c ?

What does strict adherence to ethical principles by I/O psychologists ensure?

Which one of the following does the reliability of a test involve?

What is b in the equation Y = bX + c ?