Question 1

Devin's manager constantly messages him the day his monthly report is due, so Devin has begun working late the night before to deliver the report early and avoid the nagging. The manager is using ________ reinforcement to drive Devin's performance.
A)positive
B)absolute
C)intrinsic
D)negative
E)extinction

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus (nagging) to increase a desired behavior (completing the report early).

Question 2

To help satisfy an employee's motivator needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with
A)job security.
B)a safe workplace.
C)good pay.
D)a sense of accomplishment.
E)effective supervision.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's theory, also known as the two-factor theory, distinguishes between hygiene factors and motivators. Motivators, such as a sense of accomplishment, are intrinsic factors that lead to job satisfaction and motivate employees to perform better.

Question 3

________ theory considers how managers can ensure that organization members focus their inputs on achieving high performance and accomplishing organizational targets.
A)Goal-setting
B)Alderfer's ERG
C)McClelland's needs
D)Operant conditioning
E)Motivator-hygiene

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory focuses on how managers can ensure that organization members direct their efforts towards achieving high performance and meeting organizational goals by setting clear and challenging objectives.

Question 4

Abhay is frustrated with the lack of growth opportunities available in his organization. While working with his manager on identifying training options, Abhay decides to also focus on building his relationships with his peers. Abhay's behavior is consistent with ________ theory.
A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)Alderfer's ERG
C)Herzberg's motivator-hygiene
D)McClelland's needs
E)Vroom's expectancy

Accepted Answer

Alderfer's ERG theory includes existence, relatedness, and growth needs. Abhay's focus on building relationships aligns with the relatedness aspect of ERG theory.

Question 5

According to Herzberg's theory, ________ needs refer to the nature and challenge of one's work.
A)motivator
B)expectancy
C)instrumental
D)hygiene
E)valent

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's theory distinguishes between motivator factors, which relate to the nature and challenge of the work itself, and hygiene factors, which are related to the work environment. Motivator needs are intrinsic to the job and include aspects like achievement, recognition, and the work itself.

Question 6

Roland is extremely focused on meeting his personal goals and has a strong desire to succeed at challenging projects. At times, he knowingly takes actions that damage his working relationships in order to succeed. According to McClelland's needs theory, Roland has a
A)high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement.
B)low need for affiliation and a high need for achievement.
C)high need for affiliation and a low need for power.
D)high need for power and a high need for affiliation.
E)low need for achievement and a low need for power.

Accepted Answer

Roland's strong desire to succeed and willingness to damage relationships indicate a high need for achievement and a low need for affiliation.

Question 7

Melissa is driven to take on challenging tasks and perform them to the best of her ability. She also values her relationships with peers and makes time to build those connections. According to McClelland's needs theory, Melissa has a
A)high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement.
B)low need for affiliation and a low need for power.
C)low need for achievement and a low need for affiliation.
D)high need for power and a low need for affiliation.
E)low need for achievement and a high need for power.

Accepted Answer

Melissa's motivation to take on challenging tasks and perform them well indicates a high need for achievement, while her value for relationships and making time to build connections indicates a high need for affiliation.

Question 8

Chen-Chu performs the same job tasks as her coworkers, but she believes she is being paid less. This is an example of
A)distributive inequity.
B)instrumental equity.
C)unbalanced equity.
D)underpayment inequity.
E)overpayment inequity.

Accepted Answer

Underpayment inequity occurs when an individual perceives that they are receiving less compensation compared to others for the same work, which is what Chen-Chu is experiencing.

Question 9

According to McClelland, an employee with a strong desire to perform tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence has the need for
A)affiliation.
B)belongingness.
C)achievement.
D)self-actualization.
E)equity.

Accepted Answer

According to McClelland's theory, the need for achievement is characterized by a strong desire to perform tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence.

Question 10

Teri, an employee at MobileComm, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague José, she receives higher pay and added perks. This is an example of
A)overpayment inequity.
B)instrumental inequity.
C)distributive equity.
D)underpayment inequity.
E)terminal equity.

Accepted Answer

Overpayment inequity occurs when an individual perceives that they are receiving more rewards (such as pay and perks) than others for the same level of input, leading to feelings of guilt or discomfort.

Question 11

According to McClelland, the need for ________ is the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.
A)power
B)affiliation
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization
E)equity

Accepted Answer

The need for power is the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.

Question 12

As a manager, Marcus is very conscious of how his subordinates feel about whether their work outcomes are as expected relative to the effort and contributions they put in. This is an example of the ________ theory.
A)equity
B)expectancy
C)motivator-hygiene
D)ERG
E)hierarchy of needs

Accepted Answer

Marcus is focusing on the fairness of work outcomes relative to effort, which aligns with the equity theory.

Question 13

To help satisfy an employee's hygiene needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with
A)job security.
B)increased responsibility.
C)autonomy.
D)a sense of accomplishment.
E)interesting work.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's theory distinguishes between hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors, such as job security, are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate employees.

Question 14

According to McClelland, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual
A)desires to perform challenging tasks well.
B)wants to meet personal standards for excellence.
C)is concerned about maintaining good interpersonal relations.
D)desires to control other people.
E)wishes to receive performance feedback.

Accepted Answer

The need for affiliation, according to McClelland, refers to an individual's concern with establishing, maintaining, or restoring positive and friendly relationships with others.

Question 15

To stimulate high motivation and performance, goal-setting theory suggests setting
A)general goals that apply uniformly to all employees.
B)independent goals across the organization to optimize individual successes.
C)specific goals that are difficult, but not impossible, to attain.
D)specific negative consequences for failing to achieve a goal.
E)rewards for the effort put toward achieving goals rather than the achievement itself.

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory emphasizes the importance of setting specific and challenging goals to enhance motivation and performance.

Question 16

________ drew attention to the important distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)Alderfer's ERG theory
C)Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory
D)McClelland's theory of needs
E)Equity theory

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory distinguishes between intrinsic factors (motivators) that lead to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors (hygiene factors) that can prevent dissatisfaction but do not lead to satisfaction.

Question 17

Colin believes that he works harder than many of his coworkers and yet knows he is being paid less. Colin is likely to be motivated to
A)improve his work attendance.
B)increase his working hours.
C)ask for a raise or a promotion.
D)ask for more challenging work.
E)report his situation to the fair labor board.

Accepted Answer

Colin is likely to be motivated to ask for a raise or a promotion because he perceives an inequity between his effort and his compensation compared to his coworkers.

Question 18

According to Herzberg's theory, ________ needs are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed.
A)motivator
B)expectancy
C)instrumental
D)hygiene
E)valent

Accepted Answer

Hygiene needs, according to Herzberg's theory, are related to the work environment and include factors like company policies, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations, and working conditions.

Question 19

Carol is a manager who believes that carefully monitoring and maintaining control over employees is more important than maintaining cordial relationships with them. According to McClelland's needs theory, Carol has a
A)high need for power and a low need for affiliation.
B)high need for power and a high need for affiliation.
C)low need for power and a low need for achievement.
D)low need for achievement and a high need for affiliation.
E)low need for power and a low need for affiliation.

Accepted Answer

Carol's belief in carefully monitoring and maintaining control over employees indicates a high need for power. Her lack of emphasis on maintaining cordial relationships with employees suggests a low need for affiliation.

Question 20

According to ________ theory, employees will be motivated to perform at a high level and attain their work goals to the extent that high performance and goal attainment allow them to obtain outcomes they desire.
A)Clayton Alderfer's ERG
B)McClelland's needs
C)Herzberg's motivator-hygiene
D)Victor H. Vroom's expectancy
E)B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to ________ theory, employees will be...

Quiz 13: Motivation and Performance

Devin's manager constantly messages him the day his monthly report is due, so Devin has begun working late the night before to deliver the report early and avoid the nagging. The manager is using ________ reinforcement to drive Devin's performance.

To help satisfy an employee's motivator needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

________ theory considers how managers can ensure that organization members focus their inputs on achieving high performance and accomplishing organizational targets.

Abhay is frustrated with the lack of growth opportunities available in his organization. While working with his manager on identifying training options, Abhay decides to also focus on building his relationships with his peers. Abhay's behavior is consistent with ________ theory.

According to Herzberg's theory, ________ needs refer to the nature and challenge of one's work.

Roland is extremely focused on meeting his personal goals and has a strong desire to succeed at challenging projects. At times, he knowingly takes actions that damage his working relationships in order to succeed. According to McClelland's needs theory, Roland has a

Melissa is driven to take on challenging tasks and perform them to the best of her ability. She also values her relationships with peers and makes time to build those connections. According to McClelland's needs theory, Melissa has a

Chen-Chu performs the same job tasks as her coworkers, but she believes she is being paid less. This is an example of

According to McClelland, an employee with a strong desire to perform tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence has the need for

Teri, an employee at MobileComm, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague José, she receives higher pay and added perks. This is an example of

According to McClelland, the need for ________ is the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.

As a manager, Marcus is very conscious of how his subordinates feel about whether their work outcomes are as expected relative to the effort and contributions they put in. This is an example of the ________ theory.

To help satisfy an employee's hygiene needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

According to McClelland, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual

To stimulate high motivation and performance, goal-setting theory suggests setting

________ drew attention to the important distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

Colin believes that he works harder than many of his coworkers and yet knows he is being paid less. Colin is likely to be motivated to

According to Herzberg's theory, ________ needs are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed.

Carol is a manager who believes that carefully monitoring and maintaining control over employees is more important than maintaining cordial relationships with them. According to McClelland's needs theory, Carol has a

According to ________ theory, employees will be motivated to perform at a high level and attain their work goals to the extent that high performance and goal attainment allow them to obtain outcomes they desire.