Question 1

The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are both examples of what are called

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are considered projective tests because they involve presenting ambiguous stimuli to individuals, who then project their own feelings, desires, and thoughts onto the stimuli, revealing hidden aspects of their personality.

Question 2

Reports of what type(s) of information can be gathered using the remote behaviour sampling method of assessment?

Accepted Answer

Remote behavior sampling is a method that allows for the collection of data on thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and situations as they occur in real-time or close to it, providing a comprehensive view of an individual's experiences and actions in their natural environment.

Question 3

Researchers can collect samples of behaviour from people as they live their normal daily lives with a personality assessment tool known as ________________.

Accepted Answer

Remote behavior sampling is a method used to collect data on individuals' behaviors in their natural environments, allowing researchers to gather authentic samples of behavior as people go about their daily lives.

Question 4

The NEO-PI measure of personality was developed using an approach to personality scale construction called the ______________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The NEO-PI measure of personality was developed...

Question 5

Researchers and clinicians can collect samples of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings from respondents as they live their daily lives through

Accepted Answer

Remote behavior sampling, also known as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), involves collecting data from individuals as they go about their daily lives. This method allows researchers and clinicians to gather real-time information on behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, providing a more accurate and immediate picture of the respondent's experiences compared to traditional methods that rely on recall or artificial settings.

Question 6

A researcher who is interested in social cognitive theories of personality is likely to use which of the following personality assessment methods?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher who is interested in social...

Question 7

Which of the following psychological tests was created using the empirical approach to test construction?

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was created using the empirical approach to test construction, which involves identifying items based on how well they distinguish between different groups (e.g., diagnostic groups) rather than on theory alone.

Question 8

Researchers will create explicit coding systems that contain the particular behavioural categories in which they are interested to assess personality and/or behaviours. This is typical of

Accepted Answer

The behavioural assessment method involves creating explicit coding systems to categorize specific behaviors of interest, which is a direct approach to assess personality and/or behaviors by observing and recording them in a structured manner.

Question 9

The study of personality has been guided by many different perspectives. One perspective views personality as an energy system. This inspiration comes from

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud viewed personality as an energy system, with the mind being driven by psychic energy and the interplay of different forces within the psyche.

Question 10

Jordan is given a personality test where he is shown ambiguous pictures of people and is asked to tell a story about what he sees that includes such things as what led up to the current situation and how he thinks the story will be resolved. It is most likely that Jordan is taking the

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) involves showing individuals ambiguous pictures of people and asking them to tell a story about each picture, including what led up to the situation depicted and how it will be resolved. This is designed to reveal the respondent's underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world.

Question 11

According to the text, paper-and-pencil measures of personality, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the NEO-PI, are most favoured by researchers associated with the ____________ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the NEO-PI are tools that are most aligned with the trait approach to personality. This approach focuses on identifying and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality, which is exactly what these inventories aim to do.

Question 12

Dr. Forman is considering conducting a study examining the relationship between personality factors and people's attitudes towards gun laws. Because her study is large and she is going to have several different research assistants interviewing people, she creates a list of 42 specific questions that she would like her interviewers to ask of every participant. Dr. Forman's method of assessing personality and attitudes is best viewed as an example of a

Accepted Answer

Dr. Forman's method involves using a specific set of questions that are asked in a consistent manner to every participant, which is characteristic of a structured interview. This approach ensures uniformity in the data collection process.

Question 13

A problem with completing a questionnaire designed to measure personality is that unconscious factors cannot be represented because by definition, we are unaware of them and their influence. In order to attempt to "tap" into this aspect of personality, _________________ was/were developed.

Accepted Answer

Projective tests were developed to attempt to access unconscious aspects of personality by asking individuals to interpret ambiguous stimuli, under the theory that their interpretations would reveal their unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 14

With personality scales constructed using the empirical approach, the researcher bases the construction of the test on

Accepted Answer

The empirical approach to constructing personality scales involves selecting items based on how different groups of people respond to them, rather than on theoretical conceptions, face validity, or the reliability and validity of the items.

Question 15

A marital researcher is interested in the personality factors and attitudes that contribute to successful marriages. This researcher has interviewed hundreds of different couples already, so in order to gather some potentially new information, he gives 20 married couples a beeper that randomly activates two to three times a day. When the beeper goes off, the couple is asked to call in to an answering machine in the lab and report on what they were just doing, thinking, and feeling. This study best demonstrates the personality assessment method known as

Accepted Answer

This study demonstrates remote behavior sampling, a method where participants report their activities, thoughts, and feelings in real-time or near real-time, often in their natural environments, when signaled by a device like a beeper.

Question 16

Dr. Stevens is interested in studying social behaviour among children. To address this issue, he creates an elaborate coding system that can be used to categorize and classify various social behaviours that children display, such as sharing their crayons or trading turns on a swing set. Dr. Stevens' work is best considered as an example of which type of personality assessment?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Stevens' method of creating a coding system to categorize and classify social behaviors among children is an example of behavioral assessment. This approach involves observing and measuring behaviors in a systematic way to understand and assess an individual's behavior in specific contexts.

Question 17

In the story "The Cat in the Hat", the Cat tries to convince Sally and her brother to wreak havoc in the house while their mother is away. The Fish is adamant that the children behave and says "make that cat go away he should not be here, when your mother is out." If analyzing this classic children's tale from a psychoanalytic perspective,

Accepted Answer

The Cat represents the id, embodying primal urges and desires for fun without considering consequences. Sally, as the ego, mediates between the id and the superego, trying to maintain balance and make decisions. The Fish acts as the superego, embodying the moral compass and caution, urging the children to behave properly.

Question 18

The basic assumption underlying projective tests is that if you present someone with a stimulus, the interpretation for this stimulus will come from within and thus presumably represent or reflect the person's inner needs and feelings. It is necessary that the stimulus is _____________.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) ambiguous. Projective tests rely on ambiguous stimuli to encourage individuals to project their own interpretations, needs, and feelings onto the stimulus, revealing aspects of their personality.

Question 19

Jill frequently teases other children at school, and the problem is starting to get out of hand. A school counsellor decides to conduct a behavioural assessment in order to better determine what is going on and to find a way of resolving this problem. All of the following are questions that the behavioural assessment is created to answer EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Behavioral assessments focus on current behaviors, their triggers, and outcomes, rather than historical factors leading to the behavior.

Question 20

Researchers associated with the psychodynamic tradition tend to favour the use of projective tests like the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), while researchers who rely more on behavioural assessments and often ask people to rate their expectations and abilities are affiliated with the _____________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The social cognitive approach emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes in understanding behavior. Researchers in this field often use self-report measures to assess individuals' beliefs about their abilities and expectations, which aligns with the description given.

Quiz 14: Personality