Question 1

You are in a state of arousal known as the fight-or-flight response. Your heart rate has increased and more blood is being pumped to the hands and feet. According to theorists such as Ekman, the emotion you are experiencing is
A)fear
B)anger
C)happiness
D)disgust
E)sadness

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are in a state of arousal...

Question 2

Serena really wants to buy a new MacBook Air. She loves the design and the fact that Macs are easy to use. However, they are also very expensive. She does not know what to do. In terms of motivational theory, Serena is experiencing
A)approach-avoidance conflict
B)avoidance-avoidance conflict
C)approach-approach conflict
D)achievement goal conflict
E)overarousal

Accepted Answer

Serena is experiencing an approach-avoidance conflict because she is attracted to the MacBook Air due to its design and usability (approach) but is repelled by its high cost (avoidance).

Question 3

As a university student, you are satisfying your needs for knowledge and understanding. Although you would like to spend all of your time studying, you find that you have to take a job in order to get enough money for food. According to Maslow, you have regressed from satisfying your cognitive needs to working at your
A)aesthetic needs
B)physiological needs
C)safety needs
D)esteem needs
E)degree of self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs places physiological needs (such as food) as the most basic and foundational. When you have to work to afford food, you are focusing on satisfying these basic physiological needs, which is a step back from higher-level needs like cognitive needs (knowledge and understanding).

Question 4

You are about to play a game and can choose one that is either very easy, moderately difficult, or very difficult. If you are high in need achievement, you will probably choose
A)the very easy game
B)the very difficult game
C)the moderately difficult game
D)the most difficult one first, then the easiest
E)not to play at all

Accepted Answer

Individuals high in need achievement tend to prefer tasks that are moderately difficult. They seek challenges that require skill and effort but also provide a reasonable chance of success. Very easy tasks might not be satisfying due to the lack of challenge, and very difficult tasks might be avoided due to the high risk of failure.

Question 5

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of arousal, to maximize your date's attraction to you the best place to go on a first date would be
A)seeing a romantic comedy
B)having a candlelight dinner
C)riding rollercoasters at a theme park
D)having moonlight picnic on the beach
E)going for a relaxing massage

Accepted Answer

Schachter's two-factor theory of arousal suggests that emotions are experienced through a combination of physiological arousal and a cognitive label for that arousal. A thrilling or exciting activity, like riding rollercoasters, can increase physiological arousal. If this arousal is misattributed to the presence of the date rather than the activity itself, it can enhance the attraction felt towards the date.

Question 6

In your role as a psychological consultant, you are advising Canadian Customs officials on border checks. They are interested in increasing the ability of border guards to detect facial expressions of emotion. What one piece of advice might be most useful?
A)Have the guards in a high state of arousal.
B)Use male border guards.
C)Use female border guards.
D)Have the guards in a low state of arousal.
E)Tell the guards to not be empathetic.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that, on average, women tend to be better at recognizing facial expressions of emotion than men. This could be due to a variety of factors, including socialization or biological differences in emotion processing.

Question 7

Professor M. decides to allow students to choose their own style of evaluation in her course. As a result of this, students feel an enhanced emotional bond to Professor M. and even to the university. According to self-determination theory, this is because
A)students are able to achieve higher goals
B)students can now self-actualize
C)increased autonomy results in increased relatedness
D)fear of failure has been reduced
E)heightened arousal is misattributed

Accepted Answer

According to self-determination theory, increased autonomy, such as choosing one's own style of evaluation, enhances relatedness and emotional bonds because it satisfies the basic psychological need for autonomy, leading to greater engagement and connection.

Question 8

You are trying to determine what emotion an individual is experiencing. The only information you have is that the person's feet are cold. If you had to take a guess, you would predict that the person was experiencing
A)surprise
B)sadness
C)happiness
D)anger
E)fear

Accepted Answer

Cold feet can be a physiological response to fear, as the body redirects blood flow away from the extremities to the core during the fight-or-flight response.

Question 9

Alicia really likes to play the piano. Her parents decided to support this activity by paying her $20 every time she went to piano practice. Lately, Alicia has found that she does not enjoy playing piano as much any more. This change in Alicia's feelings could be explained by
A)self-actualization
B)the overjustification hypothesis
C)expectancy-value theory
D)drive theory
E)negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

The overjustification hypothesis suggests that if a person is given external rewards for an activity they already find intrinsically rewarding, their intrinsic motivation for that activity can decrease. In Alicia's case, the payment for practicing piano, an activity she initially enjoyed for its own sake, could have led her to value the activity less for the joy it brings and more for the external reward, thus reducing her enjoyment.

Question 10

Josh noticed that people from Japan tend not to smile as much in public as people from Canada. This is most likely the effect of
A)display rules
B)the two-factor theory of emotion
C)nonverbal synchrony
D)lowered arousal
E)facial feedback

Accepted Answer

Display rules are culturally specific standards that dictate the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable to express publicly. Japanese culture tends to have more restrictive display rules regarding the expression of emotion in public compared to Canadian culture, which is why people from Japan might not smile as much in public as people from Canada.

Question 11

You are working on a new drug to help people stop eating. Which of the following peptides might you target?
A)neuropeptide Y
B)ghrelin
C)glucose
D)CCK
E)PVN

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are working on a new drug...

Question 12

You are working on a new drug to help people gain an appetite. Which of the following peptides might you target?
A)CCK
B)Leptin
C)Ghrelin
D)Melatonin
E)Estrogen

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage. Targeting ghrelin could help in developing a drug to enhance appetite.

Question 13

You are working on a new drug to help people with an eating problem. Your drug targets CCK. Most likely you are trying to
A)get people to stop eating
B)get people to gain an appetite
C)balance neuropeptides
D)increase the supply of leptin
E)increase the supply of ghrelin

Accepted Answer

CCK (cholecystokinin) is a hormone that is released after food intake and helps to suppress appetite and slow gastric emptying, thus making people feel full. Targeting CCK to help with an eating problem would most likely aim to get people to stop eating or reduce their food intake.

Question 14

Sexual desire in both men and women is primarily influenced by
A)androgens
B)estrogens
C)estradiol
D)the hippocampus
E)neuropeptides

Accepted Answer

Androgens, such as testosterone, play a significant role in influencing sexual desire in both men and women.

Question 15

Yang is feeling very sad. Her best friend was in an accident and may not be able to walk again. If we examined Yang's brain, most likely, we would find increased activity in her
A)Hippocampus
B)Left parietal lobe
C)Brain stem
D)Right hemisphere
E)Left hemisphere

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the brain is more involved in processing emotions, negative feelings, and stress. Therefore, in response to Yang's sadness and emotional distress, increased activity in her right hemisphere would be expected.

Question 16

Juan's girlfriend is sad. So in an attempt to improve her mood, he asks her to hold a pencil between her teeth. Suddenly, she was happier. Why?
A)The task was silly.
B)Facial feedback triggered a happy response.
C)Arousal triggered an autonomic reaction.
D)The pencil changed a display rule.
E)There was an instant hormonal reaction.

Accepted Answer

Holding a pencil between the teeth forces a smile-like expression, which, according to the facial feedback hypothesis, can actually make people feel happier due to the feedback the brain receives from the facial muscles.

Question 17

A student believes that the most important goal in school is to avoid doing more poorly than others in the class. According to achievement goal theory, this belief reflects
A)a mastery-approach goal
B)a performance-approach goal
C)a mastery-avoidance goal
D)a performance-avoidance goal
E)an unrealistic assessment

Accepted Answer

This belief reflects a performance-avoidance goal, where the focus is on avoiding negative judgments of competence or avoiding doing worse than others, rather than on learning or outperforming others.

Question 18

Let's say that you are a heterosexual male and have just gotten off of a roller coaster ride and are, therefore, in a heightened state of arousal. An experimenter approaches you and asks you to rate the attractiveness of a number of photos of women. Your ratings are likely to be higher than another person who was approached before he got on the roller coaster. Which theory of emotion best explains this?
A)James-Lange theory
B)Cannon-Bard theory
C)Facial feedback hypothesis
D)Ekman's FACS
E)Schachter's two-factor theory

Accepted Answer

Schachter's two-factor theory explains this phenomenon by suggesting that emotions are determined by a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of the reason for this arousal. In this scenario, the heightened state of arousal from the roller coaster ride could be misattributed to the attractiveness of the women in the photos, leading to higher attractiveness ratings.

Question 19

If you wanted to design a new drug that makes people feel full and stop eating, or at least, eat smaller meals, you might consider stimulating the release of
A)CCK
B)ghrelin
C)neuropeptide Y
D)Ach
E)CTA

Accepted Answer

CCK (cholecystokinin) is a hormone that is released after food intake and is known to stimulate digestion and make people feel full, thus reducing food intake. Stimulating its release could potentially help in designing a drug aimed at controlling appetite and promoting satiety.

Question 20

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the nature of emotion?
A)Emotional responses result from cognitive appraisal.
B)We respond physiologically to emotional interpretations.
C)Emotions result in expressive behaviours.
D)Emotions result in instrumental behaviours.
E)Emotional display rules are consistent across cultures.

Accepted Answer

Emotional display rules vary significantly across cultures, dictating how emotions should be expressed in different social contexts. These rules are not consistent worldwide, as cultural norms influence the expression and suppression of emotions.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

You are in a state of arousal known as the fight-or-flight response. Your heart rate has increased and more blood is being pumped to the hands and feet. According to theorists such as Ekman, the emotion you are experiencing is

Serena really wants to buy a new MacBook Air. She loves the design and the fact that Macs are easy to use. However, they are also very expensive. She does not know what to do. In terms of motivational theory, Serena is experiencing

You are about to play a game and can choose one that is either very easy, moderately difficult, or very difficult. If you are high in need achievement, you will probably choose

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of arousal, to maximize your date's attraction to you the best place to go on a first date would be

In your role as a psychological consultant, you are advising Canadian Customs officials on border checks. They are interested in increasing the ability of border guards to detect facial expressions of emotion. What one piece of advice might be most useful?

Professor M. decides to allow students to choose their own style of evaluation in her course. As a result of this, students feel an enhanced emotional bond to Professor M. and even to the university. According to self-determination theory, this is because

You are trying to determine what emotion an individual is experiencing. The only information you have is that the person's feet are cold. If you had to take a guess, you would predict that the person was experiencing

Alicia really likes to play the piano. Her parents decided to support this activity by paying her $20 every time she went to piano practice. Lately, Alicia has found that she does not enjoy playing piano as much any more. This change in Alicia's feelings could be explained by

Josh noticed that people from Japan tend not to smile as much in public as people from Canada. This is most likely the effect of

You are working on a new drug to help people stop eating. Which of the following peptides might you target?

You are working on a new drug to help people gain an appetite. Which of the following peptides might you target?

You are working on a new drug to help people with an eating problem. Your drug targets CCK. Most likely you are trying to

Sexual desire in both men and women is primarily influenced by

Yang is feeling very sad. Her best friend was in an accident and may not be able to walk again. If we examined Yang's brain, most likely, we would find increased activity in her

Juan's girlfriend is sad. So in an attempt to improve her mood, he asks her to hold a pencil between her teeth. Suddenly, she was happier. Why?

A student believes that the most important goal in school is to avoid doing more poorly than others in the class. According to achievement goal theory, this belief reflects

If you wanted to design a new drug that makes people feel full and stop eating, or at least, eat smaller meals, you might consider stimulating the release of

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the nature of emotion?