Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate description of Maslow's need hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is structured with deficiency needs at the bottom (basic needs like food, safety) and growth needs at the top, culminating in self-actualization.

Question 2

Which of the following statements accurately describes the activational effects of sex hormones on men and women?

Accepted Answer

Androgens, such as testosterone, are known to have a significant influence on sexual desire in both men and women, contrary to the common misconception that estrogens primarily influence sexual desire in women.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about hormones and obesity is true?

Accepted Answer

Higher insulin levels can lead to increased fat storage in the body, making it more difficult for some individuals to lose weight. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, and its high levels can result in insulin resistance, a condition associated with obesity.

Question 4

Kelly tends to fantasize about Jamie Fraser from her favourite series Outlander when she has sex with her boyfriend Trevor. From what you learned about the psychology of sex, Kelly should

Accepted Answer

Fantasizing during sex is a common and normal part of human sexuality. It does not necessarily indicate a dysfunction or a problem in the relationship, as long as it does not interfere with the individual's ability to enjoy and engage in sexual activity.

Question 5

Braden would like to lose weight, but because he is obese exercise is uncomfortable for him. He begins a diet he finds in a magazine and loses a substantial amount of weight in the first two weeks. After that he is unable to lose more until he decreases his food intake; two weeks later, he must again decrease how much he eats. Worse, he is tired all the time. What does Braden need to do to keep losing weight?

Accepted Answer

Braden needs to incorporate exercise into his weight loss plan to counteract the natural decrease in metabolism that occurs when caloric intake is reduced. Exercise helps boost metabolism and can aid in continued weight loss.

Question 6

Nalini is in France as an exchange student. While out for dinner with new friends she makes the "okay" gesture by touching her thumb and forefinger together and clearly offends Pierre, who is sitting across from her. Confused, Nalini asked what she had done wrong, and learned that this gesture is obscene in France. Nalini is horrified that her French classes never educated her on French

Accepted Answer

The "okay" gesture, which is seen as positive or neutral in many cultures, can be considered offensive in France due to cultural display rules, which dictate the appropriate expressions and gestures in different social contexts.

Question 7

Different studies have tried manipulating leptin activity in mice in different ways. One approach has been to breed mice that lack the ability to produce leptin (Coleman, 1978; Zhang, 1994). Another approach has been to breed mice whose brain lacks functioning leptin receptors (Chen et al., 1996; Halaas et al., 1995). What results were associated with those approaches?

Accepted Answer

Both approaches to manipulating leptin activity in mice—either by breeding mice that cannot produce leptin or by breeding mice whose brains lack functioning leptin receptors—resulted in the mice becoming obese. This is because leptin is crucial for regulating energy balance and body weight, and its absence or the inability of the body to recognize it leads to uncontrolled weight gain.

Question 8

Though Brenda has never been in a fight before, when someone tries to rob her while she walks to her car one evening, she fights back. Brenda's automatic attempt to protect herself is the result of her self-preservation

Accepted Answer

Brenda's automatic attempt to protect herself can be attributed to her self-preservation instinct, which is an innate response aimed at protecting oneself from harm.

Question 9

Although they can both motivate us to behave in certain ways, physiological needs and environmental stimuli are sometimes thought of as doing so in slightly different ways. A physiological need, such as hunger, can be said to _____________ us to act a certain way. On the other hand, environmental stimuli (such as the smell of appetizing food) can be said to ________________ us to act in a certain way.

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs, like hunger, "push" us to act because they originate from within the body. Environmental stimuli "pull" us to act because they attract or entice us from the outside.

Question 10

Ann taught many of her classmate how to complete the problems in their statistics class. But, she is really worried about the exam because she needs a high mark to maintain the average required to keep her scholarship. She barely passed the exam although she knew the material. This probably occurred because

Accepted Answer

Anxiety can impair cognitive functions such as attention and memory retrieval, which likely made it difficult for Ann to focus and recall information during the exam, despite knowing the material well.

Question 11

Ray eats when he is stressed, sad, or angry and as a result struggles with his weight. His physician suggests that because he is using food to fill an emotional hole, rather than a physiological need, he no longer knows how to pay attention to his body's messages saying that it is full. The hormone that should be decreasing his appetite and increasing his energy expenditure is called

Accepted Answer

Leptin is the hormone responsible for decreasing appetite and increasing energy expenditure. It is produced by fat cells and signals the brain to help regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn diminishes fat storage in adipocytes.

Question 12

The _____ controls the release of gonadotropins from the _____.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus controls the release of gonadotropins (such as LH and FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland, playing a crucial role in regulating reproductive functions.

Question 13

As a well-educated and highly esteemed businesswoman, Delores feels she has accomplished a great deal in her life. She decides that she would like to give back to the community, so she makes a sizable endowment to a local conservatory. She is also using her professional influence to draw the public's attention to the needs of children who have cancer. Abraham Maslow would probably say that Delores has reached the __________________ stage of his needs hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs culminates in the self-actualization stage, where individuals focus on achieving their full potential and giving back to society, as Delores is doing through her philanthropic efforts.

Question 14

Zelig and Bertram are reading the same book. Because Zelig is reading it for a class, he is expected to finish it by a certain date and write a paper on what he learned. Bertram is reading the book for fun. Zelig is _______________ motivated to read the book, while Bertram is _________________ motivated to read it.

Accepted Answer

Zelig is extrinsically motivated because his motivation comes from external factors (the requirement to finish the book for a class and write a paper). Bertram is intrinsically motivated because his motivation comes from within, as he is reading the book for his own enjoyment.

Question 15

Ruth's personal trainer tells her not to walk so fast on the treadmill that walking becomes uncomfortable. Discomfort is her body's signal that she is not getting enough oxygen to burn fat. Instead, it begins to burn the simple sugars that are immediately available in her blood, called

Accepted Answer

The simple sugars immediately available in the blood for energy are known as glucose. This is the primary source of energy that the body uses before it starts to burn fat, especially during high-intensity exercises where oxygen is scarce.

Question 16

Ruth recently started exercising with a personal trainer. The trainer tells her that weight-lifting sessions will build lean muscle and increase her body's calorie-burning efficiency, while cardio sessions burn fat. In other words, the trainer will help increase Ruth's

Accepted Answer

The trainer's regimen of weight-lifting and cardio is designed to build lean muscle and burn fat, which increases the body's calorie-burning efficiency. This process is known as boosting the metabolism, not the other options listed.

Question 17

Phaedra's gym is filled with widescreen televisions. Though she doesn't care for reality shows in which participants are required to do or eat disgusting things, when she sees them while she's on the treadmill she feels so sick she has to get off the treadmill. Why is Phaedra affected so much more at the gym than in other settings?

Accepted Answer

Her exercise is increasing her nervous system arousal, which in turn amplifies her emotional responses. This heightened state of arousal makes the experience of watching the shows more intense, leading to a stronger reaction such as feeling sick.

Question 18

Though nobody in his family has diabetes, Abel's physician told him that he does. She attributes his diabetes to obesity and explains that people who are overweight often have higher levels of ________________, the hormone that helps convert glucose into fat.

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone responsible for helping convert glucose into fat, and its levels can be higher in people who are overweight, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Question 19

Lidia graduated from college ten years ago and is considering a career change. She is eager to find a position that challenges her and allows her to grow as a person. To learn about potential career paths, she signs up for classes at the local community college. Lidia's psychological needs are best explained by

Accepted Answer

Lidia's actions are best explained by self-determination theory, which emphasizes the role of intrinsic motivation in personal growth and development. Her desire to find a challenging position and grow as a person aligns with the theory's focus on fulfilling one's potential and self-motivation.

Question 20

Leptin has an effect on neurons in the ___, where it inhibits the release of ___.

Accepted Answer

Leptin, a hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells, has a significant role in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger. It acts on neurons in the hypothalamus to inhibit the release of neuropeptide Y, which is a powerful hunger-stimulating hormone.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion