Question 1

Discuss the controversy surrounding the use of the lie detector or polygraph. Cite and summarize any relevant research.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Describe and contrast the James-Lange theory of emotion and the Cannon-Bard theory. Present research evidence consistent with each theory.

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Question 3

Biochemically speaking, androgens such as testosterone and estrogen are related.

Accepted Answer

Both androgens like testosterone and estrogens are steroid hormones derived from cholesterol, making them biochemically related.

Question 4

Applying electrical stimulation to the lateral hypothalamus and lesioning the ventromedial hypothalamus would result in a similar outcome for lab rats?

Accepted Answer

Both actions can lead to increased feeding behavior in lab rats, as the lateral hypothalamus is associated with hunger signals and the ventromedial hypothalamus with satiety signals.

Question 5

In theory, if a cancer patient who suffers from anorexia related to chemotherapy is given a neuropeptide Y supplement then their appetite would improve?

Accepted Answer

Neuropeptide Y is known to stimulate appetite, and its supplementation could potentially counteract the anorexia caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients by promoting hunger and food intake.

Question 6

Self-determination theory focuses on three fundamental psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory posits that the three essential psychological needs for optimal human functioning and growth are competence (feeling effective in one's activities), autonomy (feeling in control of one's actions), and relatedness (feeling connected to others).

Question 7

Performance anxiety is one of the psychological factors that can inhibit sexual functioning.

Accepted Answer

Performance anxiety can lead to stress and worry about sexual encounters, which can inhibit sexual arousal and functioning, impacting one's ability to engage in sexual activities.

Question 8

Maslow distinguished between deficiency needs, which are concerned with physical and social survival, and growth needs, which are uniquely human and motivate us to develop our potential.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is divided into deficiency needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that are essential for survival and physical well-being, and growth needs (self-actualization) that are related to psychological growth and realizing one's own potential.

Question 9

Humans who do not have access to sensory feedback from their internal organs still experience emotions that are as intense as other people, a finding that provides support for the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that we experience emotions and physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, or muscle tension simultaneously, not sequentially. This theory suggests that the brain interprets an event and generates both a feeling and a physical reaction at the same time, independently of sensory feedback from the body's internal organs. Therefore, even without this internal feedback, a person can still experience full emotional intensity, supporting the idea that emotions are not solely dependent on internal physical states.

Question 10

Studies of Playboy magazine centrefolds, beauty pageant contestants, and fashion models indicate a clear trend away from unrealistic body types towards more fit looking "real" female body shape between the 1970s and 2000s.

Accepted Answer

Studies of Playboy magazine centrefolds, beauty pageant contestants, and fashion models have shown a trend towards more slender and sometimes unrealistically thin body types over the decades, not towards more "real" or average body shapes.

Question 11

Although scientists first thought that the lateral hypothalamus (LH) was a "hunger on" centre, they now believe that the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is responsible for this particular function.

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is traditionally considered the "hunger on" center, stimulating appetite and food intake, while the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is associated with satiety, signaling when to stop eating.

Question 12

When rats inherit a mutation in which they produce more leptin that normal then as a result their body weight would increase?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone involved in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which leads to reduced food intake and potentially leads to weight loss. Therefore, producing more leptin would typically result in lower body weight, not an increase.

Question 13

Consuming beauty products to get rid of face wrinkles would fall into the aesthetic needs. These needs are considered deficiency needs.

Accepted Answer

Aesthetic needs are not considered deficiency needs; they are related to the appreciation of beauty and are part of growth needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Deficiency needs are basic needs like physiological, safety, love/belonging, and esteem.

Question 14

Discuss how cognitive appraisals and emotional arousal can each influence the other by describing the research studies of Richard Lazarus and Stanley Schachter.

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Question 15

What two key findings suggest that humans have fundamental emotional patterns? What is the FACS? Summarize the major results obtained when using this measure to investigate emotional perception, gender differences, and the universality of emotional expressions.

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Question 16

A mutation that affects the Ob gene would result in weight management problems?

Accepted Answer

The Ob gene is responsible for producing leptin, a hormone that regulates hunger and body weight. A mutation in this gene can disrupt normal leptin production or function, leading to problems with weight management, such as obesity.

Question 17

The pituitary gland is the only endocrine gland that controls sexual motivation and function.

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Question 18

Humanistic theories would suggest that unconscious motives (especially sexual and aggressive ones) are responsible for many behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories focus on conscious experiences and the inherent potential of individuals to achieve self-actualization, rather than unconscious motives.

Question 19

What parts of the brain and what neurotransmitters are implicated in emotional responses?

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Question 20

A similarity between people with a high motive for success and people with a high fear of failure is that both of these motives can produce a high need for achievement.

Accepted Answer

Both a high motive for success and a high fear of failure can drive individuals to achieve their goals, as the desire to succeed motivates positive action towards goals, while the fear of failure can motivate individuals to work hard to avoid negative outcomes, both leading to a high need for achievement.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion