Question 1

You overhear a psychologist talking about motivation. She mentions terms such as competence motivation, autonomy and relatedness. It appear that she is a follower of
A)intrinsic motivation theory
B)expectancy value theory
C)Freudian theory
D)self-actualization theory
E)self-determination theory

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is referring to concepts central to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which emphasizes the role of intrinsic motivation and the basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness in human motivation and personality development.

Question 2

Janet wanted to reduce some of the wrinkles on her forehead, so she used a Botox treatment (a drug that inhibits muscle movement). Unfortunately, she was able not able to move the muscles around her face for a while either. However, she could still experience emotion. This result argues against
A)the Cannon-Bard theory
B)the facial feedback hypothesis
C)the James-Lange theory
D)Schachter's two-factor theory
E)Ekman's movement control theory

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that the movement of facial muscles can influence emotional experience. Since Janet could still experience emotion despite not being able to move her facial muscles due to Botox, this argues against the facial feedback hypothesis.

Question 3

Janet wanted to reduce some of the wrinkles on her forehead, so she used a Botox treatment (a drug that inhibits muscle movement). Unfortunately, she was able not able to move the muscles around her face for a while either. If she was unable to experience emotion at this time, it would be strong support for
A)the Cannon-Bard theory
B)the James-Lange theory
C)Schachter's two-factor theory
D)Ekman's movement control theory
E)the facial feedback hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that the movement of our facial muscles can cue our brains into feeling emotions. Since Janet was unable to move her facial muscles due to the Botox treatment, and if as a result she couldn't experience emotion, it would strongly support the facial feedback hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that facial expressions are not only the result of our emotions but can also influence our emotional experience.

Question 4

Zhang is about to attempt a very difficult and complicated task. What would be the optimal level of arousal for Zhang to succeed at this task?
A)Low
B)Moderate
C)High
D)Either low or high
E)Does not matter

Accepted Answer

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, a lower level of arousal is optimal for complex tasks to ensure better concentration and performance.

Question 5

Mariah was have photos taken for her website. The photographer asked her to smile as he took the shots. Oddly, she felt happy whenever she was smiling. His would be predicted by
A)the Cannon-Bard theory
B)the James-Lange theory
C)the facial feedback hypothesis
D)Schachter's two-factor theory
E)the appraisal theory

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. In this case, Mariah feeling happy when she smiles aligns with this hypothesis, as the act of smiling is thought to contribute to a feeling of happiness.

Question 6

Your best friend was in accident and can longer feel any autonomic arousal. If they can still experience emotion, this would be allowed in the ______, but not possible in the ______.
A)James-Lange theory; Cannon-Bard theory
B)facial feedback hypothesis; Cannon-Bard theory
C)Cannon-Bard theory; James-Lange theory
D)James-Lange theory; the appraisal theory
E)Schachter's two-factor theory; Cannon-Bard theory

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotions and physiological reactions such as autonomic arousal occur simultaneously and independently, so a lack of autonomic arousal wouldn't preclude the experience of emotion. In contrast, the James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physiological reactions, so without autonomic arousal, emotion experience would be impossible according to this theory.

Question 7

You are going to cross the street and as you step out a car almost runs you over. Fortunately, a stranger pulled you back to the sidewalk. As you catch your breath, you notice that the stranger is quite attractive. Your perception of attraction would be predicted by
A)the James-Lange theory
B)the Cannon-Bard theory
C)the facial feedback hypothesis
D)the somatic theory of emotion
E)Schachter's two-factor theory

Accepted Answer

Schachter's two-factor theory suggests that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. In this scenario, the physiological arousal from the near-accident, combined with the cognitive label of gratitude or positive emotion towards the stranger who saved you, could enhance your perception of the stranger's attractiveness.

Question 8

Carlos has a need to form meaningful bonds with others. According to Self-determination theory, Carlos is trying to satisfy his need for
A)competence motivation
B)autonomy
C)relatedness
D)attachment
E)contact comfort

Accepted Answer

According to Self-determination theory, the need for relatedness refers to the desire to form meaningful bonds with others, which is what Carlos is trying to satisfy.

Question 9

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Incentive value is a 10 and motivation is 100. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's expectancy is
A)10
B)20
C)100
D)0
E)1

Accepted Answer

Expectancy is the belief that effort will lead to success. In this case, Joel has a high motivation (100) and a high incentive value (10), so it is likely that he believes that he can learn to play guitar if he puts in the effort. Therefore, his expectancy is high.

Question 10

You work out at the gym three nights a week. Lately, you've noticed that after your workout, the receptionist seems much more attractive and you really want to date her. This increase in attraction would be predicted by
A)the James-Lange theory
B)the Cannon-Bard theory
C)the facial feedback hypothesis
D)Schachter's two-factor theory
E)the somatic theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

Schachter's two-factor theory suggests that emotions are determined by a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of the reason for this arousal. After working out, your increased physiological arousal (from exercise) could be misattributed to attraction towards the receptionist, especially if you're looking for an explanation for your heightened state. This theory best explains the scenario described.

Question 11

All of the following regions are involved in emotion EXCEPT
A)the prefrontal cortex
B)the amygdala
C)the thalamus
D)the limbic system
E)the pons

Accepted Answer

The pons is primarily involved in regulating vital functions such as breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance. It is not directly involved in the processing of emotions, unlike the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and limbic system, which play significant roles in emotional regulation and response.

Question 12

Your best friend was in accident and can longer feel any autonomic arousal. If they can still experience emotion, this would argue strongly against which of the following theories?
A)The James-Lange theory
B)The Cannon-Bard theory
C)The facial feedback hypothesis
D)Schachter's two-factor theory
E)The appraisal theory

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory posits that autonomic arousal is necessary for the experience of emotion. If your friend can still experience emotion without autonomic arousal, it would argue against this theory.

Question 13

Carlos has a need to master new challenges and perfect his skills. According to Self-determination theory, Carlos is trying to satisfy his need for
A)competence motivation
B)autonomy
C)relatedness
D)actualization
E)overjustification

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory posits that the need for competence is one of the three basic psychological needs, along with autonomy and relatedness. Carlos's desire to master new challenges and perfect his skills directly aligns with the need for competence, which is about feeling effective and capable in one's activities.

Question 14

Zhang is about to attempt a relatively easy task and wonders if he should get "pumped" before doing it. What would be the optimal level of arousal for Zhang to succeed at this task?
A)Low
B)Moderate
C)High
D)Either low or high
E)Does not matter

Accepted Answer

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, for simple or well-learned tasks, a higher level of arousal generally leads to better performance. Since the task Zhang is about to attempt is described as relatively easy, getting "pumped" or achieving a high level of arousal could be optimal for his success.

Question 15

Thomas really likes psychology. He studies very hard because he enjoys finding out about how people work. But lately his parents have started to give him money every time he does well on a test. We would expect Thomas' motivation to decrease because of
A)self-actualizing tendencies
B)self-determining tendencies
C)a drop in expectancy value
D)the overjustification hypothesis
E)the inability to meet cognitive needs

Accepted Answer

The overjustification hypothesis suggests that if a person is given external rewards for doing something they already enjoy, their intrinsic motivation for the activity can decrease. In Thomas' case, receiving money for good test scores could reduce his internal interest in studying psychology.

Question 16

P.F. was in an accident and could no longer regulate his emotions. Most likely, there was brain damage to
A)the corpus callosum
B)the prefrontal cortex
C)Broca's area
D)the right hemisphere only
E)the pons

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is crucial for emotional regulation, decision-making, and impulse control. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in managing emotions, among other cognitive impairments.

Question 17

Autonomic arousal is a necessary component for the experience of emotion in which of the following theories?
A)The Cannon-Bard theory
B)The James-Lange theory
C)The facial feedback hypothesis
D)Schachter's two-factor theory
E)The appraisal theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Autonomic arousal is a necessary component for...

Question 18

Carlos has a need to experience his actions as the result of free choice. According to Self-determination theory, Carlos is trying to satisfy his need for
A)competence motivation
B)autonomy
C)relatedness
D)actualization
E)overjustification

Accepted Answer

According to Self-determination theory, the need for autonomy refers to the desire to be self-directed and to experience one's actions as freely chosen and self-endorsed. Carlos's need to experience his actions as the result of free choice directly aligns with the need for autonomy.

Question 19

Thomas really likes psychology. He studies very hard because he enjoys finding out about how people work. Jill studies hard as well. But in case, her parents want her top become a psychologist, so they give her money every time she does well on a test. Thomas' motivation is ______, while Jill's motivation is ______.
A)intrinsic; justified
B)intrinsic; extrinsic
C)extrinsic; intrinsic
D)actualized; determined
E)extrinsic; justified

Accepted Answer

Thomas is motivated by his own interest in psychology, which is intrinsic motivation. Jill is motivated by external rewards from her parents, which is extrinsic motivation.

Question 20

Food cues (e.g., a picture of a very attractive dessert) will activate all of the following brain areas except
A)the nucleus accumbens
B)the VTA
C)the insula
D)the amygdala
E)the pons

Accepted Answer

The pons is primarily involved in basic bodily functions such as respiration, sleep, and facial expressions, rather than the processing of food cues, which typically activate areas related to reward (nucleus accumbens, VTA), emotion (amygdala), and gustatory processing (insula).

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

You overhear a psychologist talking about motivation. She mentions terms such as competence motivation, autonomy and relatedness. It appear that she is a follower of

Janet wanted to reduce some of the wrinkles on her forehead, so she used a Botox treatment (a drug that inhibits muscle movement) . Unfortunately, she was able not able to move the muscles around her face for a while either. However, she could still experience emotion. This result argues against

Zhang is about to attempt a very difficult and complicated task. What would be the optimal level of arousal for Zhang to succeed at this task?

Mariah was have photos taken for her website. The photographer asked her to smile as he took the shots. Oddly, she felt happy whenever she was smiling. His would be predicted by

Your best friend was in accident and can longer feel any autonomic arousal. If they can still experience emotion, this would be allowed in the , but not possible in the .

You are going to cross the street and as you step out a car almost runs you over. Fortunately, a stranger pulled you back to the sidewalk. As you catch your breath, you notice that the stranger is quite attractive. Your perception of attraction would be predicted by

Carlos has a need to form meaningful bonds with others. According to Self-determination theory, Carlos is trying to satisfy his need for

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Incentive value is a 10 and motivation is 100. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's expectancy is

You work out at the gym three nights a week. Lately, you've noticed that after your workout, the receptionist seems much more attractive and you really want to date her. This increase in attraction would be predicted by

All of the following regions are involved in emotion EXCEPT

Your best friend was in accident and can longer feel any autonomic arousal. If they can still experience emotion, this would argue strongly against which of the following theories?

Carlos has a need to master new challenges and perfect his skills. According to Self-determination theory, Carlos is trying to satisfy his need for

Zhang is about to attempt a relatively easy task and wonders if he should get "pumped" before doing it. What would be the optimal level of arousal for Zhang to succeed at this task?

Thomas really likes psychology. He studies very hard because he enjoys finding out about how people work. But lately his parents have started to give him money every time he does well on a test. We would expect Thomas' motivation to decrease because of

P.F. was in an accident and could no longer regulate his emotions. Most likely, there was brain damage to

Autonomic arousal is a necessary component for the experience of emotion in which of the following theories?

Carlos has a need to experience his actions as the result of free choice. According to Self-determination theory, Carlos is trying to satisfy his need for

Food cues (e.g., a picture of a very attractive dessert) will activate all of the following brain areas except