Question 1

Based on sociologist Neil Smelser's value-added theory,the structured strain condition states that when a society or community is unable to meet people's expectations that something should be done about a problem,strain occurs in the system.The ensuing tension and conflict contribute to the development of a social movement based on people's belief that the problem would not exist if authorities had done what they were supposed to do.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement regarding Smelser's value-added theory.

Question 2

Public opinion consists of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.It is measured through polls and surveys,which use research methods such as interviews and questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

This statement correctly describes what public opinion is and how it is measured.

Question 3

Sociologists define social change as the alteration,modification,or transformation of public policy,culture,or social institutions over time; such change is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately defines the sociological concept of social change.

Question 4

Very similar to the organizational behavior found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions and environmental organizations),collective behavior also has an official division of labor,hierarchy of authority,and established rules and procedures.

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior is characterized by spontaneous and unstructured actions of a group of people, without a formal division of labor or hierarchy of authority. It is often driven by emotions, norms, and beliefs that emerge within the group in response to a particular event or situation.

Question 5

Frame bridging refers to the process whereby the creation and maintenance of new values,beliefs,and meanings induce movement participation by redefining activities and events in such a manner that people believe they must become involved in collective action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Frame bridging refers to the process whereby...

Question 6

The United States still has one of the best public education systems in the world for the top 15 percent of the students,but it badly fails the bottom 25 percent.

Accepted Answer

This statement is generally accurate according to various reports and studies on the US education system. While the US ranks highly in terms of education quality for its top-performing students, there are significant disparities and achievement gaps for students from low-income, minority, and underserved communities.

Question 7

Sociologists distinguish among movements on the basis of their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.Some movements seek to change people whereas others seek to change society.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Sociologists do distinguish among movements based on their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce, with some seeking to change individuals and others seeking to change society as a whole.

Question 8

Social movements are more likely to develop in preindustrial societies than in industrialized societies,where acceptance of traditional beliefs and practices makes such movements unlikely.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Social movements can develop in both preindustrial and industrial societies, and in fact, industrialization has often led to the emergence of new social movements as people adapt to changing social and economic conditions. Additionally, traditional beliefs and practices are not necessarily a barrier to the development of social movements, as these movements often challenge and seek to change existing norms and power structures.

Question 9

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of circular reaction-the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects Robert Park's theory of circular reaction regarding the transmission of social unrest.

Question 10

A fad is defined as a currently valued style of behavior,thinking,or appearance.Unlike fashions,fads tend to be longer lasting.Fashions are a temporary but widely copied activity enthusiastically followed by large numbers of people.

Accepted Answer

This statement is actually the opposite of the correct definition. Fads are temporary and quickly fade out of popularity, while fashions can last longer and are often more widely followed.

Question 11

Religious (expressive) movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.For example,early in the 20ᵗʰ century,the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Religious (expressive) movements seek limited change in...

Question 12

A collectivity is a number of people who act together and may mutually transcend,bypass,or subvert established institutional patterns and structures.

Accepted Answer

A collectivity is a group of people who come together to achieve a common goal and may work outside of established institutional structures.

Question 13

Scholar Gustave Le Bon asserted that emotions such as fear and hate are contagious in crowds because people experience an increase in personal responsibility; they will do things by themselves that they would never do as a collectivity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scholar Gustave Le Bon asserted that emotions...

Question 14

When social movements reach the institutionalization (bureaucratization) stage,the initial zeal and idealism of members may diminish as administrators take over management of the organization.Early grassroots supporters may become disillusioned and drop out.

Accepted Answer

This is because institutionalization often involves adopting formal structures and processes, which can lead to a shift in power dynamics and a focus on maintaining the organization rather than achieving the original goals. As a result, some members may feel that the movement has lost its original purpose and become more interested in self-preservation than social change.

Question 15

Absolute deprivation refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Accepted Answer

Absolute deprivation is the lack of basic necessities required for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and health care. It is not related to a comparison with others' achievements.

Question 16

Rumors thrive when tensions are low and when an abundance of authentic information is available on an issue of great concern.

Accepted Answer

Rumors thrive when tensions are high and when there is a lack of authentic information on an issue of great concern. When there is an abundance of authentic information available, it can help to dispel rumors and prevent them from spreading.

Question 17

When successful framing occurs,the individual's vague dissatisfactions are turned into well-defined grievances,and people are compelled to join the movement in an effort to reduce or eliminate those grievances.

Accepted Answer

Successful framing helps to clarify and define grievances, which encourages people to join a movement in order to address them.

Question 18

A classic example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience was the audience reaction to actor Orson Welles's 1938 radio dramatization of H.G.Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds."

Accepted Answer

The audience reaction to Orson Welles's radio dramatization of "The War of the Worlds" caused mass hysteria, with many listeners believing that a real alien invasion was occurring.

Question 19

Resource mobilization theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Resource mobilization theory is based on the...

Question 20

People engaging in collective behavior may be divided into crowds and masses.A crowd is a number of people who share an interest in a specific idea or issue but who are not in one another's immediate vicinity.By contrast,a mass is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People engaging in collective behavior may be...

Quiz 20: Collective Behavior,Social Movements,and Social Change