Question 1

I've been curious about the limits of my hearing ability. I sit still in my room, recording all the sounds I can hear and what I am thinking about during the task. I have just used the method of:

Accepted Answer

Introspection involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings, which aligns with recording sounds and thoughts during the task.

Question 2

Structuralism was founded by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Structuralism was founded by:
...

Question 3

The approach to psychology which involved devising a method for uncovering the basic elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas was known as

Accepted Answer

Structuralism is the approach in psychology that focuses on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components, aiming to understand the structure of the mind.

Question 4

Which ONE of the following was NOT a school of thought dominating psychology in its early years?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic processing was not a school of thought dominating psychology in its early years.

Question 5

Which school emphasized the role of psychological processes in helping individuals adapt to their environment?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism emphasized the role of psychological processes in helping individuals adapt to their environment, focusing on the purpose of consciousness and behavior.

Question 6

The first psychology textbook, published in 1890, was written by:

Accepted Answer

William James wrote "The Principles of Psychology," published in 1890, which is considered the first comprehensive psychology textbook.

Question 7

In order to understand the way that learning responds to practice, a functionalist might:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to understand the way that...

Question 8

What do Calkins, Prosser, and Washburn have in common?

Accepted Answer

Calkins, Prosser, and Washburn were all women who made significant contributions to psychology and were pioneers in their respective areas, breaking barriers for women in the field.

Question 9

Who was the first American woman to receive a doctorate in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Margaret Floy Washburn was the first American woman to receive a doctorate in psychology, which she earned from Cornell University in 1894.

Question 10

The first American woman to complete her doctoral training in psychology was not awarded a degree, despite outscoring her male peers on the doctoral qualifying exams. Her name was

Accepted Answer

Mary Whiton Calkins completed her doctoral studies at Harvard, but the university refused to award her a degree because she was a woman, despite her outstanding performance.

Question 11

Who was the first African American woman to receive a doctorate in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Inez Prosser was the first African American woman to receive a doctorate in psychology in 1933.

Question 12

The first African American to receive a doctorate in psychology, often know as ìthe father of Black Psychologyì, was:

Accepted Answer

Francis Cecil Sumner was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology and is often referred to as "the father of Black Psychology."

Question 13

According to Kuhn, science progresses by:

Accepted Answer

Kuhn's theory of scientific progress involves paradigm shifts, where new paradigms replace old ones, leading to revolutionary changes in scientific understanding.

Question 14

Which of the following is a component of a paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A paradigm encompasses theoretical assertions, shared metaphors, and agreed-upon methods within a scientific community.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of a paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A paradigm typically includes theoretical assertions, shared metaphors, and agreed-upon methods, but it does not specifically offer a complementary understanding of human behavior.

Question 16

I think that psychologists have made a lot of bad decisions. I don't like the notion that the mind or brain is a computer. Computers are made of silicon and humans are not. I also think it is a bad idea to try and study behavior in the laboratory, since that environment is too controlled and thus too sterile. It is nothing like the real world. Psychologists should also abandon the idea of random sampling since it can't truly happen. I think studies should be specific to a small group. Forget external validity too. Not going to happen. Which Kuhnian term applies here?

Accepted Answer

The answer of I think that psychologists have made a...

Question 17

According to Kuhn, which of the following lacks an accepted paradigm in the eyes of most members of the scientific community?

Accepted Answer

Kuhn argued that fields like psychology and the social sciences lack a single, unified paradigm that is universally accepted by the scientific community, unlike fields such as chemistry, physics, and astronomy.

Question 18

Kuhn argued that, instead of a paradigm, a young field of study, such as psychology, is likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Kuhn suggested that young fields like psychology are characterized by multiple schools of thought or perspectives rather than a single, dominant paradigm.

Question 19

If a field of study, such as psychology, does not have a broad system of assumptions agreed on by the community, but it has some shared metaphors, theoretical propositions and accepted methods of research, one might say that the field of study has a

Accepted Answer

A perspective to approach questions refers to having shared metaphors, theoretical propositions, and accepted methods, even if there isn't a broad system of assumptions.

Question 20

There are thought to be three key premises upon which the psychodynamic perspective rests. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective focuses on internal psychological processes, such as unconscious thoughts and conflicts, rather than external factors like culture.

Quiz 1: Psychology: The Study of Mental Processes and Behavior