Question 1

The darkening of the peppered moth during the industrialization of England is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The darkening of the peppered moth is an example of adaptation, where the moths evolved darker coloration to better camouflage against soot-darkened surfaces, improving their survival against predators.

Question 2

The field of ethology involves the study of:

Accepted Answer

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior, particularly in natural environments, focusing on the evolutionary and adaptive significance of behavior.

Question 3

Which one of the following fields considers behavior from a biological and evolutionary perspective?

Accepted Answer

Sociobiology examines social behavior from a biological and evolutionary standpoint, focusing on how such behaviors may have developed to enhance survival and reproduction.

Question 4

The major difference between ethology and sociobiology is that:

Accepted Answer

Ethology is the study of animal behavior in natural environments, while sociobiology examines the biological basis of social behavior in both animals and humans.

Question 5

The field of psychology that examines the influence of genetics (as well as environment) on psychological traits is:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics is the field of psychology that studies the influence of genetics and environment on psychological traits.

Question 6

I am interested in how genetics and the environment work together to influence
Psychological traits. Most likely, I should study the field of

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics is the study of how genetics and the environment interact to influence psychological traits.

Question 7

The capacity of an organism to survive and produce offspring is known as:

Accepted Answer

Reproductive success refers to the ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation, which is a key component of evolutionary fitness.

Question 8

It has been argued that an organism's behavior is affected by increasing one's own chance of survival as well as the survival of genetically-related individuals. This notion has been labeled:

Accepted Answer

Inclusive fitness refers to an organism's genetic success being derived from cooperation and altruistic behavior that helps relatives, thereby increasing the survival of shared genes.

Question 9

According to inclusive fitness, people are most likely to engage in behaviors that

Accepted Answer

Inclusive fitness theory suggests that individuals are likely to engage in behaviors that increase the survival and reproduction of themselves and their relatives, as this helps propagate shared genetic material.

Question 10

If the notion of inclusive fitness is correct, what should I do when I see a car about to crash into a group of people I am standing with? None of the people in the group are my relatives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the notion of inclusive fitness is...

Question 11

The primary method of investigation for the evolutionary perspective is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary method of investigation for the...

Question 12

One criticism leveled at evolutionary psychologists in the past is that:

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists have often been criticized for lacking direct experimental evidence to support their theories, as much of their work is based on observational and correlational data.

Question 13

The experiment that examined the extent to which grandparents will invest in their grandchildren demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

The experiment showed that evolutionary psychology concepts, such as inclusive fitness, can be tested and predicted in human behavior, supporting the idea that these concepts are applicable to humans.

Question 14

The experiment that examined the extent to which grandparents will invest in their grandchildren predicted, and showed, that the _____ invested the most in their grandchildren.

Accepted Answer

The maternal grandmother is predicted and shown to invest the most in grandchildren due to higher certainty of genetic relatedness compared to other grandparents.

Question 15

The field of psychology that focuses on topics such as well-being, contentment, courage, and the capacity for love is

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is the field that studies well-being, contentment, and other positive human experiences and traits.

Question 16

Which field of psychology argues that one's perception of the pieces will be influenced when seeing them as parts of the whole?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts, and it focuses on how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns or configurations.

Question 17

Among the most important contribution(s) of the behaviorist perspective is/are:

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist perspective emphasizes the importance of learning and consequences, requires systematic observation, and provides mechanisms for understanding various types of learning, making all options significant contributions.

Question 18

Whereas the cognitive perspective focuses on reason, empiricism focuses on systematic and experimental:

Accepted Answer

Empiricism emphasizes systematic and experimental observation as a means of acquiring knowledge.

Question 19

The evolutionary perspective focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective examines the reasons behind behaviors, emphasizing the adaptive functions and survival advantages that certain behaviors may have provided throughout human evolution.

Question 20

The psychodynamic perspective focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective primarily emphasizes unconscious processes, motivation, and emotion, rather than observable behavior or sensation and perception.

Quiz 1: Psychology: The Study of Mental Processes and Behavior