Question 1

Dr.Mak has developed a new drug that works as a stimulant.What will this drug likely do

Accepted Answer

Stimulant drugs typically work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. Blocking their reuptake allows these neurotransmitters to remain in the synaptic gap longer, enhancing their effects and leading to increased alertness and activity, which is characteristic of stimulants.

Question 2

Which drug is least likely to cause a fatal overdose

Accepted Answer

LSD is a hallucinogenic drug that does not directly affect the areas of the brainstem that control breathing and heart rate, which are the main causes of fatal overdose for other drugs. However, it is important to note that LSD can still have serious and potentially dangerous effects on the mind and body.

Question 3

Ceili is in a recovery program to deal with her alcohol dependence.One of the treatments includes going to the bars where she used to drink in order to get used to being in such places without becoming intoxicated.As she enters her local pub,Ceili starts craving alcohol and she starts to experience tremors and fever.Why

Accepted Answer

Ceili's craving and withdrawal symptoms are most likely a conditioned response, as she is in a place that has been paired with the effects of alcohol in the past. This is a common technique used in recovery programs known as "exposure therapy," where patients are gradually exposed to stimuli that trigger cravings or anxiety in order to help them learn to cope with those feelings without turning to alcohol. The tremors and fever are likely withdrawal symptoms as well, as they are common physical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

Question 4

What is a direct effect of alcohol abuse

Accepted Answer

Alcohol abuse directly affects the liver, leading to conditions such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT associated with chronic,heavy use of MDMA (ecstasy)

Accepted Answer

Chronic, heavy use of MDMA (ecstasy) is associated with depression, increased anxiety, and memory deficits, but there is limited evidence linking it to reduced fertility.

Question 6

Although various drugs have various actions and effects throughout the central nervous system,what effect appears to be common across virtually all abused drugs

Accepted Answer

The common effect across virtually all abused drugs is that they eventually increase activity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which is important for the experience of reward. This can lead to addiction and drug-seeking behavior.

Question 7

Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week.A month ago,she started taking Seconal to help her sleep,but now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet.What has happened to Hannah

Accepted Answer

Hannah has developed a dependency on Seconal, meaning that she needs the drug to fall asleep. This is a common symptom of addiction or substance use disorder.

Question 8

Which drug has been implicated as a trigger for psychotic disorders among individuals with a predisposition toward those disorders

Accepted Answer

Marijuana has been implicated as a trigger for psychotic disorders, particularly among individuals with a predisposition toward those disorders. Studies have shown that those who use marijuana are more likely to develop psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, than those who do not use it.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the risks associated with marijuana use

Accepted Answer

Sterility/impotence is not a proven risk associated with marijuana use. However, the other options listed (respiratory diseases, problems with attention and memory, injury due to accidents) have been linked to marijuana use.

Question 10

The effects of many psychoactive drugs depend to a large extent on users' expectations.Which of your text's unifying themes does this finding illustrate

Accepted Answer

This finding illustrates the theme of our experience of the world being highly subjective, as individuals' expectations can significantly impact their experience of the effects of psychoactive drugs. This highlights the importance of considering individual differences and perspectives in studying psychology.

Question 11

What is the term for a strong mental and emotional craving for a drug

Accepted Answer

Psychological dependence refers to a strong mental and emotional craving for a drug. This type of dependence is not related to physical withdrawal symptoms or tolerance to a drug. It is a psychological need for the drug to achieve a certain emotional or mental state.

Question 12

Which brain area is considered to be part of the "reward pathway" associated with drug effects

Accepted Answer

The nucleus accumbens is considered to be part of the "reward pathway" associated with drug effects. It is a key component of the brain's dopamine system and is involved in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse.

Question 13

Research on consciousness dwindled in the early part of the 20th century after psychology was redefined as the science of behaviour.Which psychologist is most strongly associated with this shift in the field

Accepted Answer

John Watson, an American psychologist, created the field of behaviorism, which rejected the study of consciousness and instead focused solely on observable behavior. This shift in focus away from consciousness led to a decline in research on the topic in the early 20th century.

Question 14

Which statement most accurately describes the study of consciousness

Accepted Answer

The statement that best describes the study of consciousness is that the 1960s saw an increase in the study of variations of consciousness. This era saw a rise in interest in altered states of consciousness, including consciousness during meditation, hypnosis, and drug use. While psychology historically focused on behavior rather than consciousness, there has been a recent shift towards exploring the neural correlates of consciousness and the nature of subjective experience. John Watson, a key figure in behaviorism, rejected the study of consciousness altogether, and today, many psychologists continue to focus primarily on observable behavior. However, there remains a significant body of research on consciousness and its varied states, making choice D the most accurate statement.

Question 15

With which neurotransmitter system do the effects of cannabis appear to be associated

Accepted Answer

The effects of cannabis appear to be associated with the GABA neurotransmitter system. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Cannabis has been shown to increase the levels of GABA in the brain, which may explain its calming effects.

Question 16

Which statement best describes the amount of sleep a person needs

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep a person needs can vary from person to person depending on factors such as age, lifestyle, genetics, and individual needs. Some people may function well with only a few hours of sleep, while others may require much more to function properly. Therefore, there is no fixed amount of sleep that applies to everyone.

Question 17

Which drug would be most likely to cause a fatal overdose

Accepted Answer

CNS depressants are drugs that slow down the central nervous system. They can cause drowsiness, impaired coordination, and slurred speech. In high doses, they can cause respiratory depression and death.

Question 18

Amir has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a full-time student while holding down a full-time job.Now that his classes have ended,he wants to stop taking the amphetamine,but each time he tries to skip the medication,he feels very fatigued and irritable.What has happened to Amir

Accepted Answer

Amir has developed a physical dependence on amphetamines, which means his body has adapted to the presence of the drug and has come to rely on it to function normally. When he tries to stop taking it, he experiences withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue and irritability. This is a common phenomenon with drugs that affect the central nervous system, such as amphetamines. It is important for Amir to seek medical guidance to safely and gradually discontinue the medication.

Question 19

Rachel has been using a non-prescription drug on a regular basis for several years.She has now developed liver disease and ulcers,and she has been in three car accidents.Which drug is Rachel most likely a chronic user of

Accepted Answer

The symptoms like liver disease, ulcers, and accidents are commonly associated with chronic alcohol use.

Question 20

What is the term for the internally produced chemicals that have actions similar to THC

Accepted Answer

Endocannabinoids are the internally produced chemicals that have actions similar to THC, the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Endorphins are natural pain and stress-relieving chemicals produced by the body, interleukins are a group of proteins that act as signaling molecules in the immune system, and dopaminoids are not a recognized scientific term.

Quiz 5: A: Variations in Consciousness