Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding physiological functioning is not consistent with a person who is in a meditative state?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscular tension is not consistent with being in a meditative state, as meditation is characterized by relaxation and reduced muscle tension. The other options, reduced heart rate, reduced respiration rate, and increased alpha and theta brain waves, are all common physiological changes associated with meditation.

Question 2

Hailey recently began meditating on a regular basis.Over the short-term Hailey should expect to experience

Accepted Answer

Regular meditation has been shown to increase relaxation and decrease autonomic arousal, leading to feelings of calmness and decreased stress levels. While some people may report altered states of consciousness or feelings of euphoria during meditation, these experiences are not universally reported and are not necessarily the primary outcomes of the practice. While meditation has also been associated with physical health benefits, such as improved immune system functioning and enhanced memory, these effects may take longer to manifest and may require consistent practice over a longer period of time.

Question 3

Charles is taking a prescription drug to reduce the anxiety he has been feeling since he lost his job.He finds that when he takes the drug he experiences some short-term lethargy and impaired coordination.It is likely that Charles' physician has prescribed

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described (short-term lethargy and impaired coordination) are typical side effects of sedatives, which are often prescribed to reduce anxiety. Narcotics primarily relieve pain, stimulants increase alertness and energy, and hallucinogens alter perception and mood, none of which match Charles' symptoms or situation.

Question 4

Christopher has just taken a drug.He finds that his perceptions are altered and he feels like his sensory awareness has increased.It is most likely that Christopher has taken

Accepted Answer

LSD and mescaline are hallucinogenic drugs that are known to alter perceptions and increase sensory awareness. Morphine and heroin are opioids that produce a sense of euphoria and pain relief. Barbiturates and Quaaludes are depressants that cause drowsiness and relaxation. Cocaine and amphetamines are stimulants that increase energy and alertness, but do not typically enhance sensory awareness.

Question 5

In the physiological domain,research has suggested meditation may help with all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that meditation can help with regulating hormone levels, controlling blood pressure, reducing chronic pain, and improving cardiovascular health. Therefore, all the options except A are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is a stimulant, while LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin are all hallucinogens.

Question 7

Heather is taking a prescription drug to control her back pain.She finds that when she takes the drug she experiences some short-term drowsiness and nausea.It is likely that Heather's physician has prescribed

Accepted Answer

The short-term drowsiness and nausea are common side effects of many narcotic pain medications, which are commonly prescribed to treat back pain.

Question 8

Mark is meditating by attending to his immediate experience in a non-judgmental way.Mark is using which style of meditation?

Accepted Answer

Mark is using open monitoring style of meditation where he is attending to his immediate experience in a non-judgmental way without focusing on any particular object. Focused attention involves directing attention to a single object while hypnotic induction involves inducing a state of hypnosis. Dissociation involves detaching oneself from thoughts and emotions.

Question 9

A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A sedative is a drug that reduces the activity of the central nervous system, leading to relaxation, calmness, and drowsiness. Examples of sedatives include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. Hallucinogens, narcotics, and amphetamines have different effects on the central nervous system.

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT happen when a person is in a meditative state?

Accepted Answer

In a meditative state, oxygen consumption typically decreases as the body enters a state of relaxation and reduced metabolic activity.

Question 11

Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes.Additionally,she is exhibiting paranoia and "jumbled" thought processes.Renee is most likely under the influence of a

Accepted Answer

Distortions in sensory and perceptual processes, paranoia, and "jumbled" thought processes are all common effects of hallucinogens such as LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. Sedatives and narcotics generally produce a calming effect and do not typically lead to distorted perception or paranoia. Stimulants can cause jumbled thinking, but do not typically cause distortions in sensory or perceptual processes.

Question 12

Recent research suggests that experienced meditators are able to endure more pain than non-mediators because of differences in

Accepted Answer

Recent research has found that experienced meditators have differences in brain structure, specifically in areas related to pain processing and regulation, which allows them to have a higher pain tolerance than non-meditators. These differences include thicker gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula, which are involved in attention and emotion regulation, as well as reduced activity in the thalamus and primary sensory cortices, which are involved in processing pain signals.

Question 13

Mark is meditating by concentrating on a specific sound to narrow his attention.Mark is using which style of meditation?

Accepted Answer

Focused attention meditation involves narrowing the focus of attention to a specific object, such as a sound, in order to increase concentration and mindfulness.

Question 14

Opiates such as morphine and heroin have a capacity to

Accepted Answer

Opiates such as morphine and heroin are primarily used for their pain-relieving properties. They work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, decreasing the sensation of pain. While they may cause other effects such as euphoria and relaxation, their main function is pain relief.

Question 15

Adam has just consumed a substance that provides him with increased alertness and energy,along with reduced fatigue.However,it also makes him more talkative,increases his blood pressure,reduces his appetite,and makes him restless.Adam has likely ingested

Accepted Answer

The substance consumed by Adam is likely an amphetamine as it provides increased alertness and energy, along with reduced fatigue. Amphetamines are stimulants that can also cause talkativeness, increased blood pressure, reduced appetite, and restlessness. THC (A) is a psychoactive compound found in marijuana that typically does not increase energy or alertness. LSD (C) is a psychedelic compound that can cause hallucinations and altered perceptions, but does not typically increase alertness or reduce fatigue. Sedatives (D) typically have opposite effects, causing relaxation and reduced energy levels.

Question 16

Alicia is taking a prescription drug to help treat her narcolepsy.She finds that when she takes the drug she feels extremely restless and irritable,and she feels paranoid.It is likely that Alicia's physician has prescribed

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest that Alicia's physician has prescribed a stimulant, as restlessness, irritability, and paranoia are common side effects of stimulant medication used to treat narcolepsy.

Question 17

Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that meditation has long-term benefits for both physical and mental health, including control of blood pressure and reducing anxiety.

Question 18

Wyatt uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis.Some of the short-term side effects he experiences are mood swings and poor mental functioning.It is most likely Wyatt is using

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is known to cause mood swings and impair mental functioning as short-term side effects.

Question 19

Scott's brain is producing alpha and theta waves,and he shows a decrease in his heart rate,oxygen consumption,and carbon dioxide elimination.Scott is probably

Accepted Answer

Alpha and theta waves are associated with brain activity during meditation. Additionally, a decrease in heart rate, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide elimination are also common physiological changes that occur during meditation. The other options (A, B, and D) do not necessarily involve these specific changes in brain activity and physiology.

Question 20

Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis.Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are anxiety and impaired memory.It is most likely Madeline is using

Accepted Answer

The short-term side effects of marijuana use include anxiety and impaired memory. LSD, heroin, and cocaine can also have short-term side effects, but they do not typically include anxiety and impaired memory.

Quiz 5: Variations in Consciousness