Question 1

The variety of modern psychodynamic theories of personality all derive from the work of which of the following individuals?

Accepted Answer

The modern psychodynamic theories of personality are all derived from the work of Sigmund Freud, who is known as the father of psychoanalysis.

Question 2

The superego is Freud's term for

Accepted Answer

The superego is one of the three components of Freud's structural model of personality, and it is considered the moral component. It represents the internalization of societal and parental values, norms, and ideals. It operates on the principle of perfection and strives for moral perfection by opposing the id's impulses, controlling the ego's impulses, and imposing moral standards on behavior.

Question 3

Which level of awareness contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved?

Accepted Answer

The preconscious level contains material that is just beneath the surface of awareness and can easily be retrieved when needed.

Question 4

According to psychoanalytic theory,a person who is conservative,strict,and moralistic is strongly influenced by her

Accepted Answer

The superego, according to psychoanalytic theory, is the component of the psyche that represents society's moral standards and values. It is often called the "conscience" or the "morality principle" and is responsible for enforcing cultural and societal norms and rules. Thus, a person who is conservative, strict, and moralistic is likely to be strongly influenced by their superego, as it supports and reinforces their adherence to traditional values and beliefs.

Question 5

Freud's contemporaries were uncomfortable with his theory for all of the following reasons,EXCEPT his argument that

Accepted Answer

Freud's contemporaries were uncomfortable with his theory because he challenged the prevailing belief that individuals were masters of their own minds, and argued that their behavior is governed by unconscious factors of which they are unaware, and that adult personalities are shaped by childhood experiences and other factors beyond their control. However, Freud's emphasis on how people cope with their sexual urges was not the primary reason for their discomfort with his theory.

Question 6

The thoughts,memories,and desires you have that you do not realize you have are in your ____ awareness.

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind contains thoughts, feelings, memories, and desires that a person is not aware of, but can still influence their behavior and emotions. The superego is a part of the personality structure that represents a person's moral and ethical standards. The preconscious contains thoughts that are not currently in a person's awareness, but can be easily brought to consciousness. The conscious mind is the part of the mind that a person is currently aware of and actively thinking about.

Question 7

Psychoanalytic theory stresses all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory stresses unconscious thought patterns, not conscious ones.

Question 8

The id can be BEST described as having which of the following statements as its motto?

Accepted Answer

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification for our impulses and desires. Its motto of "if it feels good, do it" represents this drive for pleasure and avoidance of pain, even if it goes against societal norms or the demands of the superego.

Question 9

Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality focuses on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theory does not focus on the potential for personal growth, but rather on the unconscious and innate instincts that drive behavior, such as sexual and aggressive urges, and early childhood experiences that shape personality.

Question 10

Psychodynamic personality theories focus on

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic personality theories place significant emphasis on unconscious mental forces and how they shape a person's thoughts, emotions, and behavior. These forces may include repressed desires, unresolved conflicts, and early childhood experiences that have influenced the individual's development. These theories also focus on individual experiences as they relate to personality development rather than genetics or learning.

Question 11

Jason just sat down to work on his term paper when his friends called and invited him to a party.If Jason decides he will only go to the party after he finishes outlining the term paper,his decision reflects the functioning of his

Accepted Answer

The ego is the part of the personality that balances the impulses of the id with the demands of reality. In this scenario, Jason's decision to finish his term paper before attending the party reflects this balance between his desire for socializing and the reality of needing to complete his academic responsibilities first.

Question 12

The id is

Accepted Answer

The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory. It consists of unconscious impulses and drives that seek immediate gratification of basic needs and desires.

Question 13

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

Accepted Answer

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the ego. The ego works to mediate between the demands of the id and the constraints of reality, seeking to satisfy the id's instinctual drives in realistic ways that will not incur negative consequences.

Question 14

Tom and his friends exercise daily and never smoke or consume alcohol.It is likely that Tom and his friends are above average in

Accepted Answer

The traits of conscientiousness involve being dependable, disciplined, and responsible, which are all traits exhibited by Tom and his friends through their daily exercise routine and avoidance of harmful substances. Therefore, it is likely that Tom and his friends are above average in conscientiousness. The other traits, such as neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience, do not necessarily correlate with healthy lifestyle habits.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the five-factor model of personality?

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model of personality is not criticized for overemphasizing the role of unconscious motivation in personality. The criticisms include A, C, and D, namely, that there are important traits that do not fit into the model, there may be fewer than five primary traits, and more than five traits may be necessary to account for the variation seen in human personality.

Question 16

According to Freud,the ____ is "like a man on horseback who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse."

Accepted Answer

Freud described the ego as the conscious, rational part of the psyche that must balance the demands of the unconscious id with the constraints of reality. The ego plays the role of the rider who guides and restrains the horse (the id).

Question 17

According to Freud,which of the following is entirely unconscious?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the id is entirely unconscious and is responsible for our primitive drives and impulses. The ego and superego are partly conscious and partly unconscious, while the self is a broader concept that encompasses our conscious and unconscious experiences.

Question 18

A person who tends to be selfish,demanding and disregards the rights of other people would appear to have a stronger ____ than ____.

Accepted Answer

The id is the part of the personality that contains our primal instincts and desires, often seeking immediate gratification without considering the consequences. The superego, on the other hand, represents the moral conscience. A person who is selfish and disregards others likely has a stronger id than superego.

Question 19

Cari often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can't have her own way.She often behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can't have the things that she wants immediately.According to Freud's view of personality,Cari's personality appears to be dominated by

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the psyche and operates on the pleasure principle. It is the source of our basic impulses and desires, and seeks immediate gratification of these needs. Cari's behavior of having temper tantrums and becoming extremely impatient when she cannot have the things she wants immediately suggests that her personality is dominated by the id.

Question 20

Primary process thinking is associated with the ____,and secondary process thinking is associated with the ____.

Accepted Answer

Primary process thinking is associated with the id, which is the part of the personality that contains our most primitive drives or urges, and operates according to the pleasure principle. Secondary process thinking is associated with the ego, which operates according to the reality principle, dealing with the external world in a more rational, logical manner.

Quiz 12: Personality