Question 1

When a behaviour has been learned it can be thought of as a skill.

Accepted Answer

When a behaviour has been learned, it involves the development of knowledge, abilities and expertise. It can be seen as a skill that has been acquired through practice, experience, and observation.

Question 2

Learning goals are "process-oriented" and focus on the learning process. Performance goals, on the other hand, are "outcome-oriented goals," thus focusing attention on the achievement of specific performance outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly defines the difference between learning goals and performance goals.

Question 3

Training motivation predicts learning and training outcomes and is influenced by environmental and individual factors.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. Motivation plays a significant role in learning and training outcomes, and it can be affected by environmental and individual factors such as incentives, support, self-efficacy, and personal interests.

Question 4

According to the "resource allocation theory," performance of a new task is determined by individual differences in attentional and cognitive resources, the level of complexity of the task, and external environmental factors used to allocate attention across tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the "resource allocation theory," performance...

Question 5

Training motivation predicts training outcomes but NOT beyond the effects of cognitive ability.

Accepted Answer

Training motivation can predict training outcomes independently and can also interact with cognitive ability to influence training outcomes. Motivation affects the effort and persistence individuals are willing to invest in training, which can lead to better outcomes even beyond the effects of cognitive ability.

Question 6

Peter will be able to graduate from university in four years if he takes 40 university-level courses. This type of goal should be classified as a proximal goal.

Accepted Answer

This type of goal should be classified as a distal goal because it is a long-term objective that Peter aims to achieve over an extended period (four years).

Question 7

Skinner and the behaviourist school of psychology believe that learning is a result of reward and punishment contingencies that follow a response to a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Skinner and behaviourists believe that learning is influenced by the consequences of behaviour, such as rewards or punishments, which create associations between a specific behaviour and its outcomes.

Question 8

Email is the most used method for informal learning followed by accessing information from the organization's intranet.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true, as email is a popular mode of communication for informal learning and accessing information from the organization's intranet is also a common practice for learning.

Question 9

There are two types of goal orientations, including a mastery or learning goal orientation and a performance goal orientation.

Accepted Answer

This is a true statement. Mastery or learning goal orientation emphasizes developing competence, acquiring knowledge and skills, and improving oneself. Performance goal orientation emphasizes obtaining favorable judgments of competence or avoiding negative judgments, and may lead to a focus on performance targets, competition, and comparison with others.

Question 10

Given that individuals have learning style preferences, better learning outcomes take place when only preferred learning styles are used in the learning process.

Accepted Answer

The statement is a common misconception about learning styles but has been debunked by scientific research. Evidence suggests that using a variety of teaching methods and styles can enhance learning for all students, regardless of their preferred learning style. It is important to note that everyone has the potential to learn in multiple ways and adapt to different styles of teaching.

Question 11

Conditioning theory suggests that trainees should be encouraged and reinforced throughout the training process.

Accepted Answer

Conditioning theory suggests that positive reinforcement should be used to encourage desired behaviors, which can help improve the trainee's performance and motivation during the training process. Thus, trainees should be encouraged and reinforced throughout the training process.

Question 12

It has been reported that 70 to 90 percent of what employees learn and know about their jobs is learned through formal processes rather than through informal programs

Accepted Answer

Most of the learning and knowledge employees acquire about their jobs is through informal means such as on-the-job experiences, working with others, and personal research, not through formal training programs.

Question 13

According to Robert Gagné, learning outcomes associated with training can be classified into five general categories: declarative knowledge, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, motor skills, and procedural knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Robert Gagné classified learning outcomes into five categories: verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, motor skills, and attitudes, not including procedural knowledge as a separate category.

Question 14

Marie, a recent graduate from an automotive college, believes she can rebuild a car engine without much difficulty. Marie's belief in her ability to complete the task successfully is referred to as "generalized transfer of learning."

Accepted Answer

Marie's belief in her ability to complete the task successfully is referred to as "self-efficacy," not generalized transfer of learning. Generalized transfer of learning refers to applying skills or knowledge learned in one context to different but related contexts.

Question 15

Social cognitive theory involves three key components: observation, self-efficacy, and feedback.

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theory involves observation, self-efficacy, and reciprocal determinism, not feedback.

Question 16

Kurt Kraiger and colleagues developed a classification scheme for learning outcomes that includes cognitive outcomes, skill-based outcomes, and affective outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Kurt Kraiger and colleagues did develop a classification scheme for learning outcomes that includes cognitive outcomes, skill-based outcomes, and affective outcomes.

Question 17

Workplace learning refers to the process of acquiring job-related knowledge and skills through formal training programs and informal social interactions among employees.

Accepted Answer

Workplace learning can happen through both formal training programs, as well as informal social interactions among employees.

Question 18

In the third and final stage of learning, performance is said to be independent of the level of attention paid by the trainee in performing the task.

Accepted Answer

In the third and final stage of learning, known as the autonomous stage, performance becomes almost automatic and requires minimal attention from the trainee. Therefore, performance is independent of the level of attention paid by the trainee.

Question 19

The 70-20-10 model states that 70 percent of workplace learning comes from on-the-job experiences, 20 percent comes from education, and 10 percent from formal learning activities and events.

Accepted Answer

The 70-20-10 model actually states that 70 percent of learning comes from on-the-job experiences, 20 percent from interactions with others, and 10 percent from formal educational events.

Question 20

"Adult learning" should be self-directed and problem centred and should take into account the learner's existing knowledge and experience.

Accepted Answer

Adult learning theory emphasizes the importance of self-directed learning and building on the learner's existing knowledge and experience. Problem-based learning is another method often used in adult education.

Quiz 2: Learning and Motivation