Question 1

Which of the following is considered a repository for all information that a person has encountered?
A) workbench memory
B) permanent memory
C) long-term memory
D) absolute memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is considered a repository for all information that a person has encountered. It has the capacity to store information for a longer duration and retrieve it when required, making it an essential element of the human memory system. Workbench memory and permanent memory do not accurately depict the memory system, and absolute memory is not a recognized term in neuroscience or psychology.

Question 2

Which of the following involves the association of active information in short-term memory with other information that is recalled from long-term memory?
A) meaningful encoding
B) chunking
C) cognitive congruity
D) consolidation

Accepted Answer

Meaningful encoding involves the association of active information in short-term memory with other information that is recalled from long-term memory.

Question 3

Many waiters and waitresses who do not have to write down customers' orders in order to remember them group information together to make it easier to remember what each member of a dinner party ordered. What is this grouping of orders an example of?
A) chunking
B) consolidation
C) meaningful encoding
D) repetition

Accepted Answer

The grouping of orders is an example of chunking, where information is organized into smaller units or chunks to make it easier to remember.

Question 4

Research has shown that it is easier for people to remember concrete words, such as dog or car, better than they can remember abstract concepts, such as justice or peace. It is believed to be due to the fact that people can more easily picture concrete concepts and thus put that information in their long-term memory via two different sensory "traces." That is, they put the word in long-term memory as well as an image of that word. Which term refers to this process in which two different sensory traces are available to remember something?
A) repetition
B) dual coding
C) meaningful encoding
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Dual coding refers to the process of encoding information visually as well as verbally, leading to better memory recall. This means that concrete words that can be easily pictured have a higher chance of being remembered because they have two sensory traces - visual and verbal - compared to abstract concepts, which can only be encoded verbally.

Question 5

What is the term for a small piece of coded information that helps that particular piece of knowledge get retrieved?
A) node
B) trace
C) path
D) tag

Accepted Answer

The term for a small piece of coded information that helps that particular piece of knowledge get retrieved is called a tag.

Question 6

What is the mental path by which some thought becomes active?
A) memory trace
B) semantic code
C) retrieval path
D) response trace

Accepted Answer

A mental path that makes a thought active is called a memory trace. This refers to the neural representation of the thought or memory in the brain, which can be activated and retrieved when needed.

Option B, semantic code, refers to the way in which information is encoded in the brain based on its meaning, rather than its sensory features. While this is related to memory trace, it is not specifically referring to the mental path that makes a thought active.

Option C, retrieval path, refers to the path that information takes from storage in the brain to conscious awareness when it is retrieved or recalled. While this is related to memory trace, it is not specifically referring to the mental path that makes a thought active.

Option D, response trace, refers to the neuronal activity that occurs in response to a stimulus, which can also be called a sensorimotor trace. While this is related to memory trace, it is not specifically referring to the mental path that makes a thought active.

Question 7

Which of the following can expand the capacity of the workbench memory?
A) time
B) involvement
C) the number of units of information
D) meaningful encoding

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can expand the...

Question 8

In the 2015 federal election, the Conservative party ran a television commercial of Justin Trudeau saying: "The budget will balance itself." Which term refers to this process in which two different sensory traces are available to remember something?
A) repetition
B) dual coding
C) meaningful encoding
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Dual coding theory suggests that memory is improved when information is processed using both visual and auditory codes. In this case, the television commercial not only played the audio of Justin Trudeau's quote but also showed a visual of him speaking the words. The dual coding of the message likely helped it to be more memorable and impactful to viewers.

Question 9

Amie is studying for an exam by mentally "saying" the definitions repeatedly. Which mental process is Amie using to help remember the material?
A) repetition
B) dual coding
C) meaningful encoding
D) back translation

Accepted Answer

Amie is using repetition as a mental process to help remember the material. By repeatedly "saying" the definitions, she is reinforcing the information in her memory through repetition.

Question 10

Wanda is two years old and learned that watermelons taste sweet, are red on the inside, have black seeds, and are green on the outside. What do these facts represent in Wanda's associative network concerning watermelons?
A) paths
B) tags
C) associative knowledge
D) declarative knowledge

Accepted Answer

These facts represent declarative knowledge, which is information that can be consciously recalled, such as facts and data about watermelons.

Question 11

Which process occurs when pre-existing knowledge is used to assist in storing new information?
A) repetition
B) dual coding
C) meaningful encoding
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

This process is known as elaboration, which involves connecting new information to pre-existing knowledge in a meaningful way. Meaningful encoding is another term for this process. Repetition involves repeatedly rehearsing information to aid in storage, dual coding involves using both verbal and nonverbal information to aid in storage, and chunking involves grouping information into smaller, more manageable units.

Question 12

How does cognitive activation move from one concept to another in long-term memory?
A) diffusion
B) synthesis
C) dual coding
D) spreading activation

Accepted Answer

Spreading activation is the process by which the activation of one concept in long-term memory leads to the activation of related concepts, forming a network of interconnected ideas. As one concept is activated, the activation spreads to other related concepts, allowing for the retrieval of information and the generation of new ideas.

Question 13

Which of the following represent concepts in an associative network?
A) paths
B) spokes
C) hubs
D) nodes

Accepted Answer

Nodes represent the concepts in an associative network. Paths refer to the connections between nodes, spokes are not a relevant term in associative networks, and hubs refer to nodes with a high degree of connectivity to other nodes, but they are not indicative of the nature or content of the concepts represented by the nodes.

Question 14

Which of the following show the association between nodes in an associative network?
A) links
B) paths
C) spokes
D) traces

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following show the association...

Question 15

What is the term for a network of mental pathways linking knowledge within memory?
A) connected network
B) associative network
C) mental network
D) knowledge network

Accepted Answer

The term for a network of mental pathways linking knowledge within memory is an associative network. This network is how our brain organizes and links different pieces of information in our memory.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a mental process that helps consumers remember things?
A) chunking
B) dual coding
C) back translation
D) repetition

Accepted Answer

Back translation is not a mental process that helps consumers remember things. Chunking is a method of grouping information into smaller units to enhance memory retention. Dual coding involves using both verbal and visual cues to aid in memory retention. Repetition is a common method of reinforcing memory retention through repeated exposure to information.

Question 17

Which type of knowledge refers to cognitive components that represent facts in an associative network?
A) declarative
B) subjective
C) objective
D) nodal

Accepted Answer

Declarative knowledge refers to cognitive components that represent facts in an associative network, and this type of knowledge can be consciously recalled and verbalized. Thus, choice A is the correct answer. Subjective knowledge represents personal and experiential knowledge, while objective knowledge refers to established knowledge that is based on facts or empirical evidence. Nodal knowledge is not a recognized type of knowledge in the field of cognitive psychology.

Question 18

One major problem with using repetition as a mental process to remember things is that other things are vying for processing capacity when rehearsing the information. What is the term for this problem?
A) chunking
B) cognitive interference
C) noise
D) priming

Accepted Answer

Cognitive interference is the term used to describe the problem of other things vying for processing capacity when trying to remember something through repetition. Chunking is the process of organizing information into smaller, more manageable chunks, noise refers to random and irrelevant stimuli that can interfere with processing, and priming is a phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus affects the response to a subsequent stimulus.

Question 19

Which term refers to the process of grouping stimuli by meaning so that multiple stimuli can become a single memory unit?
A) dual coding
B) meaningful encoding
C) chunking
D) consolidation

Accepted Answer

Chunking refers to the process of grouping stimuli by meaning so that multiple stimuli can become a single memory unit. This can improve memory recall by making it easier for the brain to store and retrieve information. Dual coding refers to the use of both visual and verbal codes to enhance memory, while meaningful encoding involves attaching personal relevance to new information. Consolidation refers to the process by which memories are stabilized and strengthened over time.

Question 20

Sam is 80 years old and often yearns for the "good old days." Whenever he watches old movies from his youth, he thinks of the friends he had and the cars they used to drive on weekends up and down the main street of his home town. What is Sam experiencing?
A) rumination
B) nostalgia
C) sentimentalism
D) association bias

Accepted Answer

Sam is experiencing nostalgia, a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, especially for a period or place with happy personal associations.

Quiz 4: Comprehension, Memory, and Cognitive Learning

Which of the following is considered a repository for all information that a person has encountered?

Which of the following involves the association of active information in short-term memory with other information that is recalled from long-term memory?

Many waiters and waitresses who do not have to write down customers' orders in order to remember them group information together to make it easier to remember what each member of a dinner party ordered. What is this grouping of orders an example of?

What is the term for a small piece of coded information that helps that particular piece of knowledge get retrieved?

What is the mental path by which some thought becomes active?

Which of the following can expand the capacity of the workbench memory?

In the 2015 federal election, the Conservative party ran a television commercial of Justin Trudeau saying: "The budget will balance itself." Which term refers to this process in which two different sensory traces are available to remember something?

Amie is studying for an exam by mentally "saying" the definitions repeatedly. Which mental process is Amie using to help remember the material?

Wanda is two years old and learned that watermelons taste sweet, are red on the inside, have black seeds, and are green on the outside. What do these facts represent in Wanda's associative network concerning watermelons?

Which process occurs when pre-existing knowledge is used to assist in storing new information?

How does cognitive activation move from one concept to another in long-term memory?

Which of the following represent concepts in an associative network?

Which of the following show the association between nodes in an associative network?

What is the term for a network of mental pathways linking knowledge within memory?

Which of the following is NOT a mental process that helps consumers remember things?

Which type of knowledge refers to cognitive components that represent facts in an associative network?

One major problem with using repetition as a mental process to remember things is that other things are vying for processing capacity when rehearsing the information. What is the term for this problem?

Which term refers to the process of grouping stimuli by meaning so that multiple stimuli can become a single memory unit?

Sam is 80 years old and often yearns for the "good old days." Whenever he watches old movies from his youth, he thinks of the friends he had and the cars they used to drive on weekends up and down the main street of his home town. What is Sam experiencing?