Question 1

Which of the following is evidence that a child is successfully socialized?

Accepted Answer

Internalizing societal standards is a key aspect of successful socialization. This means that the child has taken on values and norms of their society as their own, and is able to regulate their behavior based on these internalized standards. A and B both suggest external regulation, which is not indicative of successful socialization. D is unrelated to socialization success.

Question 2

Which of the following is most likely to be a 2-year-old's favorite word?

Accepted Answer

At the age of two, children often assert their independence and test boundaries, making "No" a common favorite word as they learn to express their own will and preferences.

Question 3

When Dr.Sheila dabbed Jenny's nose with rouge to see how she would react when placed in front of a mirror,Dr.Sheila was administrating a test of

Accepted Answer

The act of dabbing Jenny's nose with rouge to see how she would react when placed in front of a mirror is a classic test of self-awareness. If Jenny recognizes herself in the mirror and notices the rouge on her nose, it would indicate that she has some level of self-awareness. This is because she is able to recognize herself as a separate entity from others and has a sense of self-identity. The other options are not relevant to this particular test.

Question 4

Daniel,who is not quite 3 years old,takes his mother's hand when crossing the parking lot at the entrance to the public swimming pool.A few minutes later,at the pool,he dashes away from her,although the last time they were there she warned him not to.Daniel is in the process of developing

Accepted Answer

Daniel's ability to take his mother's hand while crossing the parking lot demonstrates his ability to follow rules and exercise self-regulation. However, his decision to dash away from his mother at the pool shows that he is still developing this skill and may not have fully internalized the rule that his mother had previously set. This is a normal part of development and does not necessarily indicate negativism or a discipline problem, and there is no evidence to suggest that he is being compulsive.

Question 5

As infant Marlie giggles,her mother makes another silly face,causing Marlie to giggle more.This scenario is typical of parents who are high in

Accepted Answer

Interactional synchrony refers to the coordinated timing of social interactions between a caregiver and a child. In this scenario, Marlie's mother is engaging in a back-and-forth social exchange with her daughter, responding to her giggles with more silly faces. This type of interaction is associated with positive outcomes in infants, including increased social engagement and more secure attachments. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 6

Based on information from your text,if little Penelope falls off the bench,the first thing she is likely to do is

Accepted Answer

When a child experiences something potentially upsetting like falling off a bench, they often look to their parent or caregiver for cues on how to react. This phenomenon is known as social referencing.

Question 7

At age 2,a healthy,normal child is likely to be

Accepted Answer

At age 2, a child is typically developing their sense of autonomy and independence, which can result in willful behavior. This is a normal and healthy part of their development as they learn to assert themselves and explore their surroundings. The other options are not necessarily indicative of typical development at this age.

Question 8

Martin has been a well-behaved,agreeable toddler.Recently he has become demanding,stubborn,and difficult to deal with.Erikson's explanation for this change in behavior would be that

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, toddlers are in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage is characterized by a desire for independence and control over one's environment. Martin's behavior suggests that he is asserting his desire for autonomy, which is a normal and healthy part of development.

Question 9

Melissa really wants a cookie,but knows she is not supposed to take one; instead,she begins to sing her favorite song to herself.Melissa has developed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Melissa really wants a cookie,but knows she...

Question 10

According to Erikson,which virtue develops from successful resolution of the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt occurs during the second year of life when children begin to assert their independence and autonomy. If caregivers support and encourage their autonomy, children develop a sense of willpower and the ability to make choices and take initiative. This leads to the development of the virtue of will, which involves a sense of self-control and the ability to set and achieve goals. Therefore, the best answer is B) Will.

Question 11

Which of the following is the foundation of socialization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the foundation...

Question 12

When an unfamiliar little boy takes away 1-year-old Marina's toy,she looks questioningly at her mother.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of social referencing, where Marina looks at her mother to gauge how to react to the unfamiliar situation, using her mother's reaction as a cue for her own response.

Question 13

According to Erikson,what is the main development of toddlerhood?

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that the main development of toddlerhood is the achievement of autonomy, or the ability to make choices and control oneself. This is a crucial stage in the development of a sense of self and identity. While self-regulation, toilet training, and self-control are also important developments during this stage, autonomy is seen as the primary emphasis.

Question 14

To help children resolve the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt,parents should

Accepted Answer

Striking a balance between control and freedom is the best approach to help children resolve the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt. Children need to have some independence and decision-making power to develop a sense of autonomy, but they also need guidance and limits to ensure their safety and well-being. Being too strict can inhibit their autonomy, while giving them unlimited freedom can lead to risky or dangerous behavior. Parents can provide a supportive and nurturing environment that helps children develop a positive sense of self and the confidence to take on new challenges.

Question 15

Socialization is defined as the process of

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process of learning socially approved behavior, including norms, values, and beliefs. It is a lifelong process that begins in childhood and continues throughout our lives, shaping our behaviors and interactions with others. While developing family and peer relationships and social skills are important aspects of socialization, they are not the defining characteristics of the process.

Question 16

The development of self-awareness is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

According to research, self-awareness typically develops between the ages of 18-24 months. This is when children begin to recognize themselves in the mirror and understand that they are a separate individual from others. While some signs of self-awareness may be present at 9-12 months, it is not fully developed until later. Self-awareness is unlikely to be present at 6-9 months or 3-6 months.

Question 17

Stacy has developed a sense of responsibility to become a productive member of society.She has attained

Accepted Answer

Stacy's sense of responsibility to become a productive member of society indicates that she has undergone socialization, which is the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of her social group, leading to becoming a functional member of that society.

Question 18

Each morning,Shanna and her mother have a battle of wills because Shanna insists on pouring her own cereal and milk into the bowl at breakfast.According to Erikson,which crisis is Shanna trying to resolve?

Accepted Answer

Shanna is trying to assert her autonomy by insisting on pouring her own cereal and milk. The autonomy versus shame and doubt crisis is the stage in which toddlers begin to assert their independence and develop their own will.

Question 19

When Billy is asked "What are you like?" he replies,"I am a good boy with brown hair." Two weeks earlier,Billy did not apply such labels to himself.Approximately how old would you guess Billy to be?

Accepted Answer

The development of self-concept usually begins between 18-24 months, when children begin to recognize themselves in a mirror and distinguish themselves from others. Billy's response suggests that he has developed some self-awareness and can describe himself using labels, indicating that he is likely in the 19-24 month age range.

Question 20

According to Erikson,which crisis occurs during toddlerhood?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, the crisis that occurs during toddlerhood (ages 1-3 years) is Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt. During this stage, toddlers are learning to assert their independence and control over their environment. If they are successful in doing so, they develop a sense of autonomy and self-confidence. However, if they are constantly told what to do and criticized for their attempts at independence, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities.

Quiz 6: Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years