Question 1

________ system was a system of prison administration in which prisoners were isolated in cells at night but allowed to congregate during the day for work duty and meals,but in total silence.
A)Pennsylvania
B)Auburn
C)Minnesota
D)Philadelphia

Accepted Answer

The system described is known as the Auburn system, which was developed in the Auburn prison in New York during the early 19th century. The Pennsylvania system, on the other hand, emphasized complete isolation of prisoners at all times, while the Minnesota system and Philadelphia system are not commonly known historical prison systems.

Question 2

The Auburn system differed from the Pennsylvania system in that inmates were:
A)not permitted to have Bibles in their cells.
B)permitted to share cells.
C)permitted to congregate during the day to work together in silence.
D)permitted to communicate with each other.

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system allowed inmates to congregate during the day to work together in silence, unlike the Pennsylvania system which enforced solitary confinement at all times.

Question 3

In 1785 in Philadelphia,half of the individuals sentenced to jail were guilty of:
A)a property crime.
B)homicide.
C)public order crimes.
D)not paying their debts.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D because during that time period in Philadelphia, individuals who were not able to pay their debts were often sentenced to jail. The other options (A, B, and C) are also possibilities for criminal offenses in 1785, but not as prevalent as debt-related crimes.

Question 4

Newgate Prison,in Connecticut,was originally a:
A)cave.
B)private home.
C)copper mine.
D)colonial jail.

Accepted Answer

Newgate Prison in Connecticut was originally a copper mine before it was converted into a prison.

Question 5

Early forms of confinement in England and other European countries were very different from our contemporary prisons and jails.One of the first methods of confinement was a facility where a wide range of people were sent to work;most of these people were not hardened criminals,but were guilty of not paying their debts.Another form of confinement was exporting criminals to other lands,such as the American colonies and Australia.As the American Revolution began,however,England had to find something else to do with their criminals.As a result,they reconfigured abandoned ships to hold criminals on the riverbanks.The practice of exporting criminals to other lands,such as the American colonies and Australia,was referred to as:
A)transportation.
B)vertical integration.
C)exploitation.
D)exoneration.

Accepted Answer

The passage explicitly states that the practice of exporting criminals to other lands was called "transportation." Therefore, choice (A) is the correct answer. None of the other choices are mentioned or related to this topic in the passage.

Question 6

Early forms of confinement in England and other European countries were very different from our contemporary prisons and jails.One of the first methods of confinement was a facility where a wide range of people were sent to work;most of these people were not hardened criminals,but were guilty of not paying their debts.Another form of confinement was exporting criminals to other lands,such as the American colonies and Australia.As the American Revolution began,however,England had to find something else to do with their criminals.As a result,they reconfigured abandoned ships to hold criminals on the riverbanks.The facility where people were confined and forced to work is called a:
A)All these answers are correct.
B)house of compulsory reformation.
C)house of correction.
D)workhouse.

Accepted Answer

The facility where people were sent to work and confined was called a workhouse, making option D the correct answer. Option A is not correct as it implies that all the options presented could be potential correct answers, which is not the case. Option B, house of compulsory reformation, was a term used in some countries for a type of reformatory center, but it was not a common term for confinement facilities in England. Option C, house of correction, was used for some facilities, but it was more commonly used for places where people were sent for shorter periods for minor offenses, while a workhouse was more often used for longer sentences and for debtors.

Question 7

The style of confinement under the Auburn system was called
A)communicative rehabilitation.
B)confinement rehabilitation.
C)restoration.
D)congregate system.

Accepted Answer

The style of confinement under the Auburn system was called the congregate system, where prisoners were kept in communal cells and were required to work together in silence during the day.

Question 8

If you were accused of a crime and were awaiting trial in the early United States,you would most likely be held in:
A)a hulk.
B)an ordinary house that served as a jail-house.
C)a gaol.
D)a state prison.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were accused of a crime...

Question 9

A punishment that involved no torture or corporal punishment for offenders and focused on reforming their behavior is based on ________ principles.
A)Quaker
B)Puritan
C)English
D)colonial

Accepted Answer

The Quaker principles emphasize nonviolence and the belief that all people have inherent worth and dignity, which align with a punishment focused on reforming behavior rather than inflicting physical harm.

Question 10

One of the most commonly used penal colonies during the late 1700s was:
A)AustraliA.
B)Great Britain.
C)Canada.
D)Mexico.

Accepted Answer

Australia was one of the most commonly used penal colonies during the late 1700s. The British Empire used Australia as a place to send convicts who had committed crimes in England and Ireland. Over 160,000 convicts were sent to Australia between 1788 and 1868, making it the largest penal colony in the world.

Question 11

If you were a woman being held while awaiting trial in the early colonial period of the United States,you would most likely be housed:
A)with other women.
B)in a state prison.
C)with other women,men,and even children.
D)in solitary confinement.

Accepted Answer

During the early colonial period of the United States, women who were held while awaiting trial were usually housed with other women, men, and even children in common jails. There were no separate facilities for women and they were often imprisoned in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. Solitary confinement was not a common practice during this time. State prisons were not yet established during the early colonial period, and even when they were established later on, women were still often housed with men. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice.

Question 12

Early forms of confinement in England and other European countries were very different from our contemporary prisons and jails.One of the first methods of confinement was a facility where a wide range of people were sent to work;most of these people were not hardened criminals,but were guilty of not paying their debts.Another form of confinement was exporting criminals to other lands,such as the American colonies and Australia.As the American Revolution began,however,England had to find something else to do with their criminals.As a result,they reconfigured abandoned ships to hold criminals on the riverbanks.The ships that were used to house offenders on riverbanks were called:
A)garrotes.
B)hulks.
C)hulls.
D)schooners.

Accepted Answer

The ships that were used to hold offenders on riverbanks were called "hulks," making B the correct answer. Garrotes were a device used for execution, hulls are the underwater body of a ship, and schooners are a type of sailing vessel.

Question 13

Penitentiaries embraced the principle of
A)All these answers are correct.
B)solitude.
C)solitary segregation.
D)penitence or sorrow.

Accepted Answer

Penitentiaries embraced all of these principles, including solitude, solitary segregation, and penitence or sorrow.

Question 14

One of the main criticisms of the Pennsylvania system was that inmates:
A)suffered severe physical abuse.
B)transferred communicable diseases to each other.
C)often developed mental illnesses.
D)were not permitted to communicate with each other.

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania system, which emphasized solitary confinement, often led to inmates developing mental illnesses due to the isolation and lack of social interaction.

Question 15

________ is considered to be the first penitentiary.
A)Auburn Prison
B)Bridewell Palace
C)Walnut Street Jail
D)Cherry Hill Jail

Accepted Answer

Walnut Street Jail, located in Philadelphia, is considered to be the first true penitentiary as it was designed to focus on the rehabilitation of prisoners through isolation, reflection, and religious instruction. The other options listed were also early prisons, but did not emphasize the same focus on penitence and rehabilitation as Walnut Street Jail.

Question 16

The penal colony Isla Maria is located off the coast of:
A)Brazil.
B)Canada.
C)Mexico.
D)the United States.

Accepted Answer

The penal colony Isla Maria is located off the coast of Mexico.

Question 17

Early forms of confinement in England and other European countries were very different from our contemporary prisons and jails.One of the first methods of confinement was a facility where a wide range of people were sent to work;most of these people were not hardened criminals,but were guilty of not paying their debts.Another form of confinement was exporting criminals to other lands,such as the American colonies and Australia.As the American Revolution began,however,England had to find something else to do with their criminals.As a result,they reconfigured abandoned ships to hold criminals on the riverbanks.The other lands that English criminals were often exported to are referred to as:
A)hulks.
B)slave colonies.
C)transportation ports.
D)penal colonies.

Accepted Answer

The other lands that English criminals were often exported to are referred to as penal colonies.

Question 18

An early American judge who wished for an offender to repent for his or her sins or wrongdoings would most likely be inclined to sentence an offender to (a):
A)hulk.
B)county jail.
C)penitentiary.
D)reformatory.

Accepted Answer

Penitentiaries were designed with the idea of penitence in mind, where offenders could reflect on their wrongdoings and reform.

Question 19

Suppose you were housed in a prison where you spent all of your time working in a small cell and were not permitted to communicate with other inmates or family members on the outside.You were most likely housed in the:
A)Cherry Hill Jail.
B)Elmira Reformatory.
C)Auburn Prison.
D)Eastern State Penitentiary.

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the scenario closely match those of the Eastern State Penitentiary, a prison designed with a system of solitary confinement and individual labor as its primary method of punishment and rehabilitation.

Question 20

A new prison being built in Michigan includes back-to-back cells,used for sleeping only,and focuses on a system where inmates work together in silence during the day to turn a profit for the prison.Corporal punishment is used on inmates who violate prison rules.This prison is modeled after the:
A)European system.
B)Pennsylvania system.
C)Massachusetts system.
D)Auburn system.

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the question, such as back-to-back sleeping cells and a focus on silent work during the day, are hallmarks of the Auburn system of prisons. This system, developed in New York in the early 19th century, emphasized discipline and hard work as a means of rehabilitation. It also employed corporal punishment for rule violations, such as the use of the whip or strap.

Quiz 11: Overview of Corrections

________ system was a system of prison administration in which prisoners were isolated in cells at night but allowed to congregate during the day for work duty and meals,but in total silence.

The Auburn system differed from the Pennsylvania system in that inmates were:

In 1785 in Philadelphia,half of the individuals sentenced to jail were guilty of:

Newgate Prison,in Connecticut,was originally a:

The style of confinement under the Auburn system was called

If you were accused of a crime and were awaiting trial in the early United States,you would most likely be held in:

A punishment that involved no torture or corporal punishment for offenders and focused on reforming their behavior is based on ________ principles.

One of the most commonly used penal colonies during the late 1700s was:

If you were a woman being held while awaiting trial in the early colonial period of the United States,you would most likely be housed:

Penitentiaries embraced the principle of

One of the main criticisms of the Pennsylvania system was that inmates:

________ is considered to be the first penitentiary.

The penal colony Isla Maria is located off the coast of:

An early American judge who wished for an offender to repent for his or her sins or wrongdoings would most likely be inclined to sentence an offender to (a) :

Suppose you were housed in a prison where you spent all of your time working in a small cell and were not permitted to communicate with other inmates or family members on the outside.You were most likely housed in the:

A new prison being built in Michigan includes back-to-back cells,used for sleeping only,and focuses on a system where inmates work together in silence during the day to turn a profit for the prison.Corporal punishment is used on inmates who violate prison rules.This prison is modeled after the: