Question 1

________ are more likely than any other racial or ethnic group to be incarcerated.
A)Whites
B)Asians
C)Hispanics
D)Blacks

Accepted Answer

Black Americans are more likely than any other racial or ethnic group to be incarcerated. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, as of 2018, one in three Black men can expect to be incarcerated in their lifetime, compared to one in six Latino men and one in 17 white men. Additionally, Black women are twice as likely as Hispanic women and four times as likely as white women to be incarcerated. These disparities in incarceration rates are attributed to a variety of factors, including implicit bias in the criminal justice system, systemic racism, poverty, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities.

Question 2

After a great debate over which prison system (Pennsylvania or Auburn)was better,most prisons in America were modeled after:
A)the Pennsylvania system.
B)Eastern State Penitentiary.
C)the Auburn system.
D)the Walnut Street Jail.

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system, characterized by congregate labor during the day and solitary confinement at night, became the more widely adopted model in America due to its perceived efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to the Pennsylvania system, which emphasized complete solitary confinement.

Question 3

Four friends,Bob,Sue,Tom,and John,have been convicted of bank robbery.Upon sentencing,they discover that they are being sent to four different prisons,each with its own philosophy of corrections.Bob spends much of his sentence in an isolation cell;he is also subject to strict rules and regulations and has no access to rehabilitation programs.Sue finds herself in a prison that is filled with individuals serving very lengthy sentences as well as some low-level offenders,who,she thinks,should never have been incarcerated because their crimes are not serious.Tom,on the other hand,has access to many different treatment programs.Finally,the prison where John is incarcerated is focused on John's success when he returns to the community.He spends his time preparing for release.When John is released,he moves to a ________,which is a community-based residence that helps him reintegrate back into society successfully.
A)technical rule violator center
B)jail
C)halfway house
D)restitution center

Accepted Answer

The question mentions that John's prison is focused on his successful return to the community and he spends his time preparing for release. This indicates that he is being prepared for reintegration. The last sentence also mentions that he moves to a community-based residence, which is a common feature of halfway houses. Therefore, the best choice is C) halfway house. The other choices are not supported by any information in the question.

Question 4

Which of the following was one of the lasting effects of the Martinson Report of 1974?
A)New treatment programs were created in many prisons.
B)Most prisons drastically cut funding to prison treatment programs or eliminated them altogether.
C)The federal government called for more funding for prison treatment programs.
D)Funding for treatment programs in prisons increaseD.

Accepted Answer

The Martinson Report of 1974 concluded that rehabilitation programs in prisons had little to no effect on reducing recidivism rates, leading many prisons to cut funding to such programs or eliminate them altogether. This proved to be a lasting effect, as many prisons still prioritize punishment over rehabilitation to this day.

Question 5

If Joe is incarcerated in a prison where criminals are viewed as ill,and he receives treatment to cure his "illness," the prison is centered around the:
A)therapeutic model.
B)punitive model.
C)medical model.
D)rehabilitation model.

Accepted Answer

The medical model views criminal behavior as an illness that can be treated with medical intervention. Therefore, if Joe is receiving treatment to cure his "illness," the prison he is in is centered around the medical model. The other options are not necessarily focused on treating criminal behavior as an illness that can be cured.

Question 6

Federal prison inmates are most likely to be:
A)Asian.
B)White.
C)HispaniC.
D)African American.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Federal prison inmates are most likely to...

Question 7

Suppose Joe is incarcerated in a prison where there is a focus on treatment.The prison views the inmates as "sick" and tries to "cure" their criminal behavior.Joe is most likely incarcerated in a(n):
A)industrial prison.
B)Pennsylvania prison.
C)therapeutic prison
D)reformatory.

Accepted Answer

A therapeutic prison is focused on rehabilitating offenders by providing them with intensive therapy and counseling to address the underlying issues that led to their criminal behavior. This approach views offenders as "sick" and aims to cure them rather than punish them. Industrial prisons are focused on producing goods for profit, while Pennsylvania prisons were known for their strict codes of silence and isolation. Reformatory prisons were established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a way to reform offenders through a strict regimen of discipline and education.

Question 8

If you have been convicted of a serious violent crime and have been sentenced to eight years of incarceration,you are most likely residing in a:
A)restitution center.
B)prison.
C)halfway house.
D)jail.

Accepted Answer

A serious violent crime would likely result in a sentence that exceeds the maximum length of time served in a jail, which is typically one year. Restitution centers and halfway houses are generally reserved for individuals who are transitioning back into society after serving time in prison. Therefore, it is most likely that the individual in question would be serving their sentence in a prison.

Question 9

If you were accused of committing a crime and have not been released on bail prior to your trial,you are most likely being held in a:
A)restitution center.
B)halfway house.
C)jail.
D)prison.

Accepted Answer

If someone is accused of committing a crime and has not been released on bail prior to their trial, they will most likely be held in a jail. Jails are facilities that hold individuals who are awaiting trial, sentencing, or transfer to a prison. On the other hand, restitution centers and halfway houses are usually for individuals who have already been sentenced and are in the process of being reintegrated into society. Prisons are for individuals who have been convicted of a crime and are serving their sentence.

Question 10

Suppose Jack is incarcerated in a facility where he makes shoes that are sold on the open market.He is subject to strict discipline and is not paid for his work.Jack is most likely incarcerated in a(n):
A)reformatory.
B)county jail.
C)industrial prison.
D)Pennsylvania prison.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Jack is making shoes that are sold on the open market and is not being paid for his work indicates that he is most likely incarcerated in an industrial prison, which is a correctional facility where prisoners produce goods or services for sale to private companies or government entities. In these facilities, inmates are often subject to strict discipline and provisions for rehabilitation may be minimal. Reformatory and county jail facilities are less likely to have industrial production programs for inmates. "Pennsylvania prison" does not provide enough information to determine a specific type of correctional facility.

Question 11

One of the most important reasons that the Auburn system was favored over the Pennsylvania system was because the Auburn system:
A)focused on solitary confinement.
B)focused on reform and rehabilitation.
C)was able to turn a profit through convict labor.
D)used corporal punishment.

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system was favored over the Pennsylvania system primarily because it was able to turn a profit through convict labor, making it economically advantageous for the institutions that adopted it.

Question 12

Approximately 1 out of every __________ adult American is under some form of correctional supervision.
A)47
B)35
C)15
D)63

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately 1 out of every 35 adult Americans is under some form of correctional supervision, including probation, parole, or incarceration. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 13

Four friends,Bob,Sue,Tom,and John have been convicted of bank robbery.Upon sentencing,they discover that they are being sent to four different prisons,each with its own philosophy of corrections.Bob spends much of his sentence in an isolation cell;he is also subject to strict rules and regulations and has no access to rehabilitation programs.Sue finds herself in a prison that is filled with individuals serving very lengthy sentences as well as some low-level offenders,who,she thinks,should never have been incarcerated because their crimes are not serious.Tom,on the other hand,has access to many different treatment programs.Finally,the prison where John is incarcerated is focused on John's success when he returns to the community.He spends his time preparing for release.Tom is most likely incarcerated in a prison that adheres to the ________ model of corrections.
A)reintegration
B)punishment
C)rehabilitation
D)crime control

Accepted Answer

Tom's prison focuses on providing access to treatment programs, which aligns with the rehabilitation model of corrections.

Question 14

Most inmates are serving sentences for ________ crimes.
A)public order
B)property
C)violent
D)drug

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, as of 2018, more than half (55%) of state prison inmates in the US were serving sentences for drug offenses. The next highest category was violent offenses at 21%, followed by property offenses at 16%, and public order offenses at 8%.

Question 15

Jack and Jill are both convicted of armed robbery.At the sentencing hearing,the judge sentences Jack to ten years in prison and orders him to pay a fine of $1,120 as well as restitution to the victims.Jill,on the other hand,is sentenced to only five years in prison and must pay a fine of $750;she does not have to pay any restitution.Jill's sentence,which is more lenient than Jack's for the same crime,provides an example of:
A)the brutalization hypothesis.
B)the patriarchal hypothesis.
C)the gendered hypothesis.
D)the chivalry hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The chivalry hypothesis suggests that women are treated more leniently than men in the criminal justice system, especially when it comes to non-violent crimes or first-time offenses. This hypothesis could explain why Jill received a more lenient sentence than Jack for the same crime.

Question 16

Four friends,Bob,Sue,Tom,and John,have been convicted of bank robbery.Upon sentencing,they discover that they are being sent to four different prisons,each with its own philosophy of corrections.Bob spends much of his sentence in an isolation cell;he is also subject to strict rules and regulations and has no access to rehabilitation programs.Sue finds herself in a prison that is filled with individuals serving very lengthy sentences as well as some low-level offenders,who,she thinks,should never have been incarcerated because their crimes are not serious.Tom,on the other hand,has access to many different treatment programs.Finally,the prison where John is incarcerated is focused on John's success when he returns to the community.He spends his time preparing for release.Bob is most likely incarcerated in a prison that adheres to the ________ model of corrections.
A)crime control
B)reintegration
C)rehabilitation
D)punishment

Accepted Answer

Bob's incarceration situation is described as having strict rules and regulations, being isolated, and having no access to rehabilitation programs. These are characteristics of the punishment model of corrections, which emphasizes the use of incarceration to punish offenders for their crimes.

Question 17

One of the most significant reasons that reformatories fell out of popularity was because:
A)the programs that were offered only affected a small number of inmates.
B)classification systems were scarce in most reformatories.
C)Preview
Design
Code
D)educational programs were scarce in most reformatories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most significant reasons that...

Question 18

Four friends,Bob,Sue,Tom,and John,have been convicted of bank robbery.Upon sentencing,they discover that they are being sent to four different prisons,each with its own philosophy of corrections.Bob spends much of his sentence in an isolation cell;he is also subject to strict rules and regulations and has no access to rehabilitation programs.Sue finds herself in a prison that is filled with individuals serving very lengthy sentences as well as some low-level offenders,who,she thinks,should never have been incarcerated because their crimes are not serious.Tom,on the other hand,has access to many different treatment programs.Finally,the prison where John is incarcerated is focused on John's success when he returns to the community.He spends his time preparing for release.John is most likely incarcerated in a prison that adheres to the ________ model of corrections.
A)crime control
B)rehabilitation
C)reintegration
D)punishment

Accepted Answer

The prison where John is incarcerated is focused on his success when he returns to the community, indicating a focus on reintegration. The rehabilitation model also emphasizes rehabilitation programs, but the focus is on correcting criminal behavior rather than successful reintegration into the community. The crime control model emphasizes strict rules and regulations, which may include isolation cells, but does not prioritize rehabilitation or reintegration. The punishment model is focused on punishment for the crime committed rather than rehabilitation or reintegration.

Question 19

The Elmira Reformatory centered on the principles of:
A)incarceration.
B)restoration.
C)rehabilitation.
D)restitution.

Accepted Answer

The Elmira Reformatory was focused on the principles of rehabilitation, seeking to reform prisoners through education and vocational training to ultimately reintegrate them into society as productive members.

Question 20

Four friends,Bob,Sue,Tom,and John,have been convicted of bank robbery.Upon sentencing,they discover that they are being sent to four different prisons,each with its own philosophy of corrections.Bob spends much of his sentence in an isolation cell;he is also subject to strict rules and regulations and has no access to rehabilitation programs.Sue finds herself in a prison that is filled with individuals serving very lengthy sentences as well as some low-level offenders,who,she thinks,should never have been incarcerated because their crimes are not serious.Tom,on the other hand,has access to many different treatment programs.Finally,the prison where John is incarcerated is focused on John's success when he returns to the community.He spends his time preparing for release.Sue is most likely incarcerated in a prison that adheres to the ________ model of corrections.
A)rehabilitation
B)crime control
C)reintegration
D)punishment

Accepted Answer

Sue's description of her prison environment, where there are individuals serving very lengthy sentences alongside low-level offenders, aligns with the crime control model of corrections, which emphasizes the reduction of crime through the incarceration and strict supervision of offenders.

Quiz 11: Overview of Corrections

________ are more likely than any other racial or ethnic group to be incarcerated.

After a great debate over which prison system (Pennsylvania or Auburn) was better,most prisons in America were modeled after:

Which of the following was one of the lasting effects of the Martinson Report of 1974?

If Joe is incarcerated in a prison where criminals are viewed as ill,and he receives treatment to cure his "illness," the prison is centered around the:

Federal prison inmates are most likely to be:

Suppose Joe is incarcerated in a prison where there is a focus on treatment.The prison views the inmates as "sick" and tries to "cure" their criminal behavior.Joe is most likely incarcerated in a(n) :

If you have been convicted of a serious violent crime and have been sentenced to eight years of incarceration,you are most likely residing in a:

If you were accused of committing a crime and have not been released on bail prior to your trial,you are most likely being held in a:

Suppose Jack is incarcerated in a facility where he makes shoes that are sold on the open market.He is subject to strict discipline and is not paid for his work.Jack is most likely incarcerated in a(n) :

One of the most important reasons that the Auburn system was favored over the Pennsylvania system was because the Auburn system:

Approximately 1 out of every __________ adult American is under some form of correctional supervision.

Most inmates are serving sentences for ________ crimes.

One of the most significant reasons that reformatories fell out of popularity was because:

The Elmira Reformatory centered on the principles of: