Question 1

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

Accepted Answer

The term "synchronous" is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants, where both parties engage in behaviors that complement and respond to each other in a coordinated manner. This includes things like facial expressions, vocalizations, and movements that are synchronized between the parent and child.

Question 2

Mario brings his mother his favorite teddy bear to comfort her when she has had a bad day at work.This demonstrates a(n)_____ emotion.

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious emotions involve feelings that relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others' reactions to us. Mario bringing his teddy bear to comfort his mother shows empathy and understanding, which are aspects of self-conscious emotions.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion?

Accepted Answer

Joy, anger, and fear are all primary emotions that are universal across cultures and are believed to have evolved due to their adaptive functions. Pride, on the other hand, is considered a secondary emotion that arises from our evaluation of ourselves in relation to others or to our own standards.

Question 4

_____ emotions are present in humans and other animals.

Accepted Answer

Primary emotions are present in both humans and other animals. These include emotions such as joy, sadness, anger, fear, and surprise that are considered to be universal across cultures and species.

Question 5

Which of the following is an important role played by emotions during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Emotions play an important role in communication during infancy. Infants use facial expressions, body language, and vocalizations to express their needs and emotions to their caregivers. Emotional communication also helps to form attachments and build relationships between infants and their caregivers.

Question 6

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as:

Accepted Answer

The term "primary emotions" refers to the basic emotions that are present in humans and animals and that emerge early in life, typically within the first 6 months of infancy. These emotions are considered to be innate and universal, meaning that they are present across cultures and are not dependent on learning or experience. Examples of primary emotions include fear, joy, anger, sadness, surprise, and disgust.

Question 7

Which of the following is an "other-conscious" emotion?

Accepted Answer

Pride is an other-conscious emotion because it is focused on how others perceive and evaluate us. It involves feeling a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment when others recognize our achievements or abilities.

Question 8

_____ emotions appear in the first six months of the human infant's development.

Accepted Answer

Primary emotions are the basic emotions that appear in the first six months of an infant's development, including happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. Tertiary emotions develop later, while other-conscious and self-conscious emotions typically emerge during the second year of life and beyond.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about emotions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Embeddedness in relationships actually provides a context for diverse emotional experiences, as different relationships and situations can prompt different emotions.

Question 10

Especially in infancy,emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

Emotions in infancy play an important role in organizing and regulating behavior. Specifically, emotions provide a foundation for the development of self-regulatory abilities and help infants to respond to and shape their social environment.

Question 11

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt,pride,despair,shame,empathy,and jealousy in the first year?

Accepted Answer

The structural immaturity of the infant brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex, makes it unlikely that complex emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy can be experienced in the first year.

Question 12

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a playdate and teases her about wearing night-time diapers.This is an example of _____ emotions.

Accepted Answer

Other-conscious emotions are those that involve feelings about how others perceive us, such as shame, guilt, or pride. Makiko's shame is related to her friend's teasing, making it an other-conscious emotion.

Question 13

Five-month-old Caitlyn demonstrates surprise when an unexpected event occurs.This is a demonstration of a(n)_____ emotion.

Accepted Answer

The behavior of Caitlyn shows a primary emotion, which is a basic emotion that is present from birth or early infancy. Surprise is one of the primary emotions that babies express.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about emotions is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The ability to regulate emotions is not present at birth. It develops over time and with experience. Infants initially rely on their caregivers to soothe and regulate their emotions.

Question 15

Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her,especially to his or her well-being are known as:

Accepted Answer

The definition specifically mentions "feelings or affects," which align with the definition of emotions. Affective states can be influenced by temperament and personality traits, but the definition does not specifically mention them as the main focus. Therefore, the best answer is B - emotions.

Question 16

Experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,conclude that _____ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Accepted Answer

The structural immaturity of the infant brain is the main reason why emotions that require thought cannot be experienced in the first year. The brain is still developing and the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for executive functions such as decision making and impulse control, is not yet fully developed. Therefore, infants do not have the capacity to experience complex emotions that require cognitive processing.

Question 17

Most of the _____ emotions occur for the first time at some point in the second half of the first year through the second year.

Accepted Answer

The term "self-conscious" refers to emotions such as embarrassment, shame, and guilt, which require a sense of self-awareness and understanding of social norms. These emotions typically emerge in the second half of the first year through the second year of life, as children develop a greater sense of self and begin to understand social expectations.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT true of crying?

Accepted Answer

Newborns actually respond with negative facial expressions when they hear other newborns cry. This is thought to be an instinctual response to signal distress and potentially elicit caregiver attention.

Question 19

The infant's ability to regulate emotions is tied to:

Accepted Answer

The gradual maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex is linked to the infant's ability to regulate emotions. The frontal lobes play a role in executive functioning and self-regulatory control. As these areas of the brain develop and mature over time, infants become better equipped to manage their emotions and reactions to stress.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious emotions, such as shame, guilt, pride and embarrassment, require social evaluation or feedback from others. Therefore, they involve the emotional reactions of others when they are generated. A, B and C are not true statements about self-conscious emotions.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy