Question 1

Outliers are most likely to raise interpretational complexities when sample sizes are small.

Accepted Answer

Outliers can have a significant impact on statistical measures like mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient when sample sizes are small. In larger samples, outliers tend to have less impact on the overall dataset. Therefore, when dealing with small samples, it is essential to investigate and understand the impact of any outliers on the analysis.

Question 2

What does the slope of a line refer to?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the slope of a line...

Question 3

Pearson correlation is an appropriate statistic for a nonlinear relationship.

Accepted Answer

Pearson correlation measures the linear relationship between two variables. If the relationship is nonlinear, Pearson correlation may not be an appropriate statistic as it does not capture the strength and direction of a curved relationship. Other correlation measures, such as Spearman's rank correlation or Kendall's tau, may be more appropriate for nonlinear relationships.

Question 4

A ____________________ is a graph that represents values for X and Y for each person in the data set.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ____________________ is a graph that represents...

Question 5

The correlation of any variable with itself is always ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The correlation of any variable with itself...

Question 6

Pearson correlation and regression can be used to determine the extent to which a data set approximates a ____________________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pearson correlation and regression can be used...

Question 7

In statistical computer output,when every variable of interest is correlated with every other variable,the output contains a correlation ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In statistical computer output,when every variable of...

Question 8

Regarding correlation and causation,if we observe a positive correlation between two variables,we cannot conclude that there is a ____________________ relationship between the two variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding correlation and causation,if we observe a...

Question 9

The range of the correlation coefficient is from -1.00 to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The range of the correlation coefficient is...

Question 10

Restricting the range of two variables will always lower the correlation between them.

Accepted Answer

Restricting the range of two variables may or may not lower the correlation between them. It depends on the nature of the relationship between the variables and the specific values that are being restricted. Sometimes, restricting the range may increase the correlation if the remaining values have a stronger relationship.

Question 11

What is the Pearson correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Pearson correlation coefficient?...

Question 12

The regression equation for predicting X from Y is not the same as the regression equation for predicting Y from X.

Accepted Answer

The regression equation for predicting X from Y is different from the regression equation for predicting Y from X because the roles of X and Y are reversed in the two equations. The equation for predicting X from Y would be Y = a + bX, while the equation for predicting Y from X would be X = c + dY. The regression line and coefficients would also be different in the two equations.

Question 13

Correlation and regression are appropriate for both linear and nonlinear relationships.

Accepted Answer

Correlation and regression are primarily used for linear relationships. Nonlinear relationships require different methods or transformations to analyze effectively.

Question 14

The problem of ____________________ occurs when only a limited portion of the possible range of scores is used to calculate a correlation coefficient and a regression equation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The problem of ____________________ occurs when only...

Question 15

A single case that can drastically change a correlation coefficient is called an ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single case that can drastically change...

Question 16

An inverse relationship and a ____________________ relationship are the same thing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An inverse relationship and a ____________________ relationship...

Question 17

The ____________________ minimizes the sum of the squared discrepancies between the predicted and observed Y scores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ minimizes the sum of the...

Question 18

The magnitude of a correlation coefficient is determined by examining the absolute of the correlation coefficient.

Accepted Answer

Yes, the absolute value of a correlation coefficient represents the strength of the relationship between two variables. Therefore, we ignore the positive or negative sign of the correlation coefficient while interpreting its magnitude.

Question 19

When two variables (X and Y)are strongly correlated we can be reasonably sure that X causes Y.

Accepted Answer

Just because two variables are strongly correlated, it doesn't necessarily mean that one causes the other. There could be other variables or factors involved in the relationship. Correlation does not equal causation. Additional research is needed to establish causality.

Question 20

When a regression equation is computed using standardized X and Y scores,the slope will always equal 0.

Accepted Answer

When standardized scores are used, the slope will not always be zero. In fact, the standardized slope will be equal to the correlation coefficient between X and Y.

Quiz 5: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Descriptive Aspects