Question 1

When a psychologist uses scientific observation,these observations must

Accepted Answer

Scientific observations must be carefully planned and structured in such a way that they can be confirmed or replicated by other observers, ensuring the reliability and validity of the findings.

Question 2

When observations are reliably confirmed by multiple observers,this is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Intersubjective means there is agreement or understanding between different observers or individuals. Therefore, when observations are reliably confirmed by multiple observers, it is referred to as intersubjective. The other choices are not relevant in this context.

Question 3

Which goal of psychology involves naming or classifying behaviors and is based on making a detailed record of scientific observations?

Accepted Answer

The goal of psychology involving naming or classifying behaviors and making a detailed record of scientific observations is the first goal of psychology - to describe.

Question 4

Which of the following is the best description of a research method?

Accepted Answer

A research method is a systematic process for answering scientific questions, which involves the collection and analysis of data to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. It is a rigorous and structured approach to investigating phenomena, and can involve a variety of techniques such as experiments, surveys, observations, and archival research. A research method should be based on sound logic and empirical evidence, and should be designed to minimize errors and biases in the data collection and analysis process.

Question 5

As an experimenal psychologist,Dr.Gandis utilizes information gained through direct observation and measurement.Dr.Gandis is using

Accepted Answer

As an experimental psychologist, Dr. Gandis relies on empirical evidence, which refers to information that is gained through direct observation and measurement. This means that Dr. Gandis uses objective, measurable data rather than relying on introspection or subjective personal opinions. Dr. Gandis' approach is based on the scientific method, which emphasizes collecting data through experimentation and observation to test hypotheses and theories.

Question 6

Gino and Flynn wanted to find out whether people prefer to receive a requested gift,an unrequested gift,or money as a gift.According to the empirical evidence gathered,these researchers found that the gift recipients

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gino and Flynn wanted to find out...

Question 7

In a survey conducted on October 26,researchers find that 55 percent of the registered voters favor the passage of the school bond issue.These survey results illustrate which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a survey conducted on October 26,researchers...

Question 8

The psychological goal of understanding behavior is achieved when

Accepted Answer

Understanding behavior involves explaining why a behavioral phenomenon occurs. Control over behavior is not always necessary to achieve this goal, and a careful description of behavior alone may not lead to full understanding. Empirical evidence is a necessary component but not sufficient on its own.

Question 9

In the past,it was "commonsense" to take the word of people who said they never dream.However,when the EEG was invented,it was found that everyone dreams every night.This is an example of a "commonsense" answer going unchallenged

Accepted Answer

Before the EEG was invented, there was no suitable research method available to study the topic of whether everyone dreams. As a result, people relied on "commonsense" answers, such as assuming that those who claimed they never dreamt were telling the truth. With the invention of the EEG, scientists were able to study brain activity during sleep and discovered that everyone dreams.

Question 10

Information gained from direct observation and measurement defines

Accepted Answer

Information gained from direct observation and measurement is empirical evidence, as it is based on data that can be objectively gathered and verified through scientific methods. Introspective data refers to subjective experiences or self-reflection, while subjective data is also based on personal opinions or interpretations, rather than objective measurements. A scientific hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which is often tested using empirical data.

Question 11

A psychologist who observes a child for a week and writes a report that identifies and classifies the child's behavior is working toward the goal of

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is working toward the goal of description by observing the child's behavior and categorizing it. Description involves identifying and categorizing behaviors or phenomena, while understanding involves explaining why those behaviors or phenomena occur. Prediction involves using past data to make informed guesses about future events or behaviors, and control involves using that knowledge to influence or manipulate those events or behaviors.

Question 12

In order to find out whether "the clothes make the man" or whether "one can't judge a book by its cover," researchers scientifically observe people who are well dressed and people who are not and determine who fares better in a variety of situations.The information that these researchers gained would be considered ______ evidence.

Accepted Answer

Empirical evidence refers to evidence that is based on objective observation, measurement, and experimentation. In this scenario, the researchers are observing and measuring the behavior and outcomes of individuals who are well dressed and those who are not, which is an example of empirical evidence. Intuitive, introspective, and commonsense evidence are all based on personal experiences or beliefs and do not necessarily rely on objective observation or experimentation.

Question 13

Why questions refer to which of psychology's goals?

Accepted Answer

"Understanding" refers to the goal of psychology to explain and comprehend behavior and mental processes, which is what "why" questions aim to achieve.

Question 14

A systematic process for answering scientific questions is called

Accepted Answer

The systematic process for answering scientific questions is known as a research method. This involves various steps such as identifying a problem or question, reviewing literature, forming a hypothesis, designing experiments or studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. This process is crucial in ensuring that research is rigorous and reliable.

Question 15

Dr.Santel is conducting a study in which she will use five different observers to reliably confirm the observations within her study.Thus,Dr.Santel's scientific observations would be considered

Accepted Answer

Dr.Santel is using multiple observers to ensure her observations can be confirmed by others, making them intersubjective. Multimodal refers to using multiple methods to gather data, multidisciplinary means drawing from multiple fields of study, and correlational refers to finding a relationship between two variables. None of these terms specifically relate to the use of multiple observers for confirming observations.

Question 16

Scientific observation is based on the

Accepted Answer

Scientific observation is based on the gathering of empirical evidence, which means using direct observation, measurement, and experimentation to generate data that can be analyzed objectively. It is not based on personal subjective experiences or common sense theories, but on evidence that can be replicated and tested by others.

Question 17

The goals of psychology are to

Accepted Answer

The primary goals of psychology are to describe, understand, predict, and control behavior. While psychotherapy and the treatment of mental illness are certainly important applications of psychology, they are not the core goals of the field. Research, inference, and publication are important aspects of conducting psychological research, but they are not the ultimate goals of studying behavior. Comparing and analyzing human behavior are helpful in achieving the overarching goal of understanding behavior, but they are not the complete picture.

Question 18

To find out whether it really is "the thought that counts" when giving a gift,Gino and Flynn asked gift recipients to rate how much they would appreciate getting a gift they requested as opposed to one chosen by the gift giver.
According to the empirical evidence gathered,these researchers found that the

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that gift recipients were more appreciative of a requested gift, indicating that it may not just be the thought that counts, but also the effort and consideration put into selecting a gift that the recipient truly desires.

Question 19

Psychologists study behavior directly by systematically collecting data,or ______ facts.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists study behavior by observing it directly and systematically collecting data, which allows them to gather objective and reliable facts about human behavior. Common sense and inferred facts may be biased and subjective, while deduced facts may be based on assumptions rather than direct observation.

Question 20

An empirical investigation that is structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A scientific observation is a methodical and objective examination of empirical data, making it the most appropriate choice for describing an investigation that seeks to answer questions about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion. Interpretative research is more concerned with understanding subjective experiences and perspectives, while investigative analysis and experiential analysis are not established research methods.

Quiz 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science