Question 1

Marvin, who has been diagnosed with narcolepsy, is very likely to experience:

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness, sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks, and a tendency to fall asleep at inappropriate times. These episodes of sleepiness can occur even after a full night's sleep and can interrupt daily activities.

Question 2

Approximately _____ percent of adults experience chronic insomnia with symptoms at least three nights each week lasting a month or longer.

Accepted Answer

About 10% of adults experience chronic insomnia with symptoms that occur at least three nights each week for a month or longer. Chronic insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly affects many individuals' quality of life.

Question 3

Insomnia is characterized as:

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is characterized by difficulties with sleep, including trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. It is not associated with abnormal sexual behaviors (A), excessive daytime sleepiness (C), or breathing problems (D).

Question 4

Wilkinson notices that her middle-aged husband stops breathing in his sleep, awakens slightly to gulp in air, then goes back to sleep. This happens several times a night. Mr. Wilkinson is displaying symptoms of which of the following sleep disorders?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest that Mr. Wilkinson is experiencing obstructive sleep apnea, which is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. The awakening and gasping for air is a characteristic feature of this disorder. REM sleep behavior disorder involves physically acting out dreams during REM sleep, microsleeps are brief episodes of sleep that occur during waking hours due to sleep deprivation, and narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. None of these seem to fit the symptoms.

Question 5

Along with handling job-related hassles, Mena is struggling to keep up with her night classes. As the pressure mounts, Mena finds that she is often unable to go to sleep at night or that she repeatedly wakes up during the night. Mena's sleep disturbance is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Mena's symptoms of being unable to go to sleep or repeatedly waking up during the night are characteristic of insomnia, which is a sleep disorder defined by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or by non-restorative sleep. The other options, cataplexy and narcolepsy, refer to sleep disorders with different symptoms, while REM sleep behavior disorder refers to a condition in which the paralysis that normally accompanies REM sleep is incomplete or absent, leading to people physically acting out their dreams.

Question 6

The most common sleep complaint among adults is:

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint among adults, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early and not being able to fall back asleep. This can lead to daytime fatigue, mood swings, and other negative impacts on overall health and well-being.

Question 7

Dyssomnias are:

Accepted Answer

Dyssomnias are defined as sleep disorders that involve disruptions in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. This includes conditions such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy.

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep. This is caused by a blockage of the airway, which leads to disruptions in sleep and reduced oxygen levels in the body.

Question 9

During episodes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the:

Accepted Answer

During episodes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the sleeper's airway becomes narrowed or blocked, causing very shallow breathing or repeated pauses in breathing, disrupting sleep. The other options are not characteristic of OSA.

Question 10

Consistently occurring abnormal sleep patterns that cause subjective distress and interfere with a person's daytime functioning is a definition of:

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question best fits a sleep disorder, as it describes abnormal sleep patterns that cause distress and interfere with daytime functioning. Stimulant-induced psychosis refers to a mental disorder caused by prolonged use of stimulant drugs, dissociative anesthesia is a medical condition where a person feels dissociated from reality due to anesthesia, and delirium tremens is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can cause hallucinations and confusion.

Question 11

Tim suffers from overwhelming bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief uncontrollable episodes of sleep, called microsleeps or sleep attacks. Tim has:

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone, and brief uncontrollable episodes of sleep called microsleeps or sleep attacks. This condition can cause a person to fall asleep at inappropriate times and places, and can significantly impact their daily life.

Question 12

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a therapy used to treat:

Accepted Answer

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea, a condition where individuals experience repeated episode of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. It is not used to treat cataplexy, narcolepsy or sexsomnia.

Question 13

Which of the following sleep disorders is NOT a dyssomnia?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is a parasomnia, not a dyssomnia. Dyssomnia refers to sleep disorders that involve difficulty falling asleep, staying awake, or waking up at appropriate times. Insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and narcolepsy are all examples of dyssomnias.

Question 14

Most commonly, insomnia can be traced to:

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is often caused by anxiety over stressful life events such as work, family, and financial issues. Other factors such as medication, caffeine, and alcohol consumption can also contribute to insomnia. A bad diet and drinking warm milk before bed are not commonly associated with causing insomnia, and while genetics may play a role, it is not the most common cause.

Question 15

According to a survey conducted by the National Sleep Foundation, approximately _____ percent of people experience regular sleep disruptions.

Accepted Answer

According to the survey by the National Sleep Foundation, approximately 70 percent of people experience regular sleep disturbances. This means that the majority of people have trouble sleeping at some point in their lives.

Question 16

A sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief uncontrollable episodes of sleep is called:

Accepted Answer

The sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief uncontrollable episodes of sleep is called narcolepsy. Option A (transient insomnia) refers to a short-term difficulty in sleeping. Option C (parasomnia) refers to sleep disorders characterized by abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep. Option D (somnambulism) refers to sleepwalking.

Question 17

When he is asleep, Doug's airway becomes narrowed or blocked, causing very shallow breathing and repeated pauses in breathing. This happens several times a night and disrupts his sleep. Doug suffers from:

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario are consistent with obstructive sleep apnea, a disorder in which the airway becomes blocked during sleep, leading to shallow breathing and pauses in breathing. The disrupted sleep may lead to daytime fatigue and other health problems.

Question 18

Tremaine complains about the quality or duration of his sleep, that he has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep, and that he frequently wakes before it is time to get up. Tremaine has:

Accepted Answer

Tremaine's symptoms of difficulty going to sleep, staying asleep, and waking up too early are characteristic of insomnia.

Question 19

_____ is the most common sleep complaint among adults.

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking up too early and not being able to fall back asleep. It is estimated that 30% of adults experience insomnia at some point in their lives, making it the most common sleep complaint among adults. Obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and sleepsex are all less common sleep disorders.

Question 20

Sleep disorders involving disruptions in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep, which include insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, are called:

Accepted Answer

Sleep disorders involving disruptions in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep are called dyssomnias. Parasomnias refer to abnormal behaviors that occur during sleep, hypermnesia is the ability to remember information in a greater amount than is usual and dissociative anesthesias are not related to sleep disorders.

Quiz 4: Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations