Question 1

Usually lasting only a session or two, _____ is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a brief therapy technique that is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy. It aims to increase an individual's motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence. MI usually lasts only a session or two and is often used as a precursor to other forms of therapy or as a standalone intervention.

Question 2

Who is most likely to have claimed that "As the client becomes more self-aware, more self-acceptant, less defensive and more open, she finds at last some of the freedom to grow and change in directions natural to the human organism.?"

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects the humanistic approach to therapy, which emphasizes the client's self-awareness, self-acceptance, and openness. Carl Rogers is one of the primary figures associated with humanistic therapy and is most likely to have made this statement.

Question 3

According to Carl Rogers, therapeutic change in client-centered therapy occurs:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, therapeutic change occurs as the client's views of himself and the world become less distorted. This is based on his belief that individuals have an innate drive towards self-actualization and personal growth, and that therapy can provide the supportive environment needed for this to occur. Therefore, the other choices (B, C, and D) are not consistent with Rogerian theory.

Question 4

According to Carl Rogers, as therapy progresses and clients become more self-aware, more self-accepting, and less defensive, they will naturally move toward:

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that as therapy progresses and clients become more self-aware, self-accepting, and less defensive, they will naturally move towards self-actualization – the process of becoming one's true, authentic self and fulfilling one's potential. This involves developing a more accurate, positive self-concept, following one's own values and interests, and expressing oneself more openly and freely. It does not involve rejecting people or becoming self-centered.

Question 5

In the technique called _____, the client expresses self-motivating statements, and the therapist responds with empathic understanding and reflective listening, helping the client explore his or her own values and motivations for change. When the client expresses reluctance, the therapist acknowledges the mixed feelings and redirects the emphasis toward change.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is motivational interviewing (MI). In MI, the therapist uses empathic listening and reflective responses to help the client explore their own motivations and values for change. When clients express reluctance, the therapist acknowledges their ambivalence and redirects the emphasis toward change. Contingency management involves rewarding desired behaviors and self-help group therapy involves peer support for shared concerns. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on improving interpersonal relationships to alleviate symptoms of mental health concerns.

Question 6

Free association, dream interpretation, and transference are to _____ as unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding are to _____.

Accepted Answer

Free association, dream interpretation, and transference are techniques commonly associated with psychoanalysis, a therapeutic approach developed by Sigmund Freud. Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding are key components of client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers.

Question 7

Client-centered therapy was developed by:

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1950s. This approach emphasizes the therapist's empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness in creating a non-judgmental and accepting therapeutic environment. Rogers believed that people have the ability to change and grow, and that the therapist's role is to facilitate that process through active listening and reflection.

Question 8

Carl Rogers believed that several qualities of the therapist are critical in producing beneficial changes in client-centered therapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those qualities?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that the therapist should create an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard or unconditional acceptance, not conditional acceptance, to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space for the client to explore their feelings and behaviors.

Question 9

During many of Judith's therapy sessions, Judith's client-centered therapist openly and honestly shares her own feelings about what Judith is saying. Judith's therapist is:

Accepted Answer

Judith's therapist is modeling genuineness, which is one of the core conditions of client-centered therapy. This creates a safe and accepting environment for Judith to express herself without fear of judgment or criticism. The therapist's openness also encourages Judith to be open and nondefensive in her self-expression, which can lead to self-discovery and growth.

Question 10

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems develop when:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems develop when a person consistently experiences conditional acceptance from other significant people in his or her life. This means that a person is only accepted or valued under certain conditions, which can lead to feelings of insecurity, anxiety, and low self-esteem. This can ultimately contribute to various psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

Question 11

In client-centered therapy, the therapist:

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, emphasizes the therapist's empathy, unconditional positive regard, and nonjudgmental attitude towards the client's experiences and feelings. The therapist avoids confrontational or directive techniques and instead encourages the client's self-exploration and self-directed change. The therapist's role is to provide a supportive and accepting environment that fosters the client's growth and insight.

Question 12

One important goal of the therapist in client-centered therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy is based on the principle of allowing the client to lead the therapeutic process. The therapist creates a safe and supportive environment in which the client can explore their thoughts and feelings and gain insight into their experiences. The therapist does not actively guide or make decisions for the client, nor do they challenge the client's beliefs or uncover unconscious conflicts.

Question 13

Steve's therapist Dr. Royce is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Steve's words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying. Steve's therapist is:

Accepted Answer

Steve's therapist is reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying, which is an example of communicating empathic understanding. This is a key aspect of client-centered therapy.

Question 14

Mahasti's therapist encourages her to engage in "change talk." Whenever Mahasti expresses reluctance, her therapist acknowledges Mahasti's mixed feelings and redirects her emphasis toward change. Mahasti's therapist is using a technique called:

Accepted Answer

The technique of using change talk and acknowledging mixed feelings is a hallmark of motivational interviewing (MI), which is designed to help clients explore and resolve their ambivalence about changing problematic behaviors. Contingency management involves providing rewards or consequences to reinforce or discourage certain behaviors, self-help group therapy involves structured support and guidance from peers, and interpersonal therapy aims to improve a person's relationships and communication skills. None of these approaches are specifically focused on enhancing motivation and promoting change in the way that MI is.

Question 15

The main goal of _____ is to encourage and strengthen the client's self-motivating statements or "change talk," which are expressions of the client's need, desire, and reasons for change.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is a key component of motivational interviewing, which specifically aims to evoke and amplify the client's own motivation and commitment to change. Contingency management involves using rewards or consequences to reinforce behavior change, self-help group therapy relies on peer support and shared experiences, and interpersonal therapy focuses on resolving interpersonal problems and improving communication skills.

Question 16

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy stress:

Accepted Answer

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy emphasize the importance of gaining insight and understanding of one's self in order to promote psychological healing and growth.

Answer: D 
 Client-centered therapy places particular emphasis on the present moment and current experiences, rather than focusing solely on past experiences as psychoanalysis does. Both approaches value the importance of interpersonal relationships and social interactions in the healing process. Options B and C do not accurately describe either approach.

Question 17

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist should demonstrate genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding towards their client. This means that the therapist should be authentic and transparent with the client, accept and support them without judgment, and have the ability to understand their feelings and experiences from their perspective. These qualities are essential for creating a safe and trusting environment for the client and fostering their growth and self-actualization.

Question 18

Believing that the term patient implied that people seeking therapy were sick and seeking treatment from an all-knowing authority figure who would heal them, Carl Rogers preferred the term _____ to describe people in therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers preferred the term "client" as it suggests a collaborative relationship between equals rather than a one-sided relationship between sick person and expert healer. The client is an active participant in their own therapy rather than a passive recipient of treatment.

Question 19

A therapeutic approach that uses client-centered techniques to help clients overcome mixed feelings about committing to change is:

Accepted Answer

MI is a client-centered therapy that aims to help clients overcome ambivalence and enhance motivation towards change. It focuses on exploring and resolving any mixed feelings or uncertainties about change by engaging the client in a collaborative, non-confrontational conversation. MI emphasizes empathy, active listening, and autonomy support, helping clients to become more aware of their own motivations and reasons for change. The other options, contingency management, self-help group therapy, and interpersonal therapy, do not specifically address ambivalence or mixed feelings about change in the same way that MI does.

Question 20

Although they agreed to help him financially, Emmett's parents were nevertheless angry and disappointed with him when he chose to attend the state university instead of going to the same college that his father attended. According to Carl Rogers, Emmett's parents are demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Emmett's parents are showing conditional acceptance, which means they are only accepting him under certain conditions or terms. In this case, their acceptance is conditional upon Emmett attending the college his father went to, not the state university he chose. The other options do not fit the situation as well. Unconditional positive regard refers to accepting and valuing someone regardless of their choices or behavior. Empathic understanding is the ability to understand and relate to someone's feelings and experiences. Counterconditioning is a type of therapy used to change a person's association with a particular stimulus.

Quiz 14: Section 2: Therapies