Question 1

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned response was _______.
A)fear of the loud noise
B)fear of the rat
C)fear of the experimenter
D)fear of the laboratory

Accepted Answer

In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned response was fear of the loud noise, as it was a natural, unlearned response to the sudden loud sound. The fear of the rat was a conditioned response, as it was learned through pairing the rat with the loud noise. The fear of the experimenter or the laboratory was not observed as a response in Little Albert.

Question 2

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned stimulus was _______.
A)the experimenter
B)the laboratory
C)the loud noise
D)the rat

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus in the experiment with Little Albert was the loud noise, as it elicited an unconditioned response of fear from the child.

Question 3

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.
A)brown cats
B)black dogs
C)white rats
D)his mother

Accepted Answer

Little Albert learned to fear white rats through classical conditioning.

Question 4

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the _______.
A)increased heartbeat
B)female's picture
C)sounds of the buzzer
D)viewing of the picture

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned response is the reflex response that occurs without any prior learning, in this case, the increased heartbeat when seeing a picture of a nude female.

Question 5

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.
A)extinction
B)spontaneous recovery
C)stimulus discrimination
D)stimulus generalization

Accepted Answer

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself without the UCS eventually leads to the extinction of the CR.

Question 6

If a researcher presents the US first,then presents the CS,the pairing method used is _______.
A)trace
B)delay
C)simultaneous
D)backward

Accepted Answer

In backward conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented before the conditioned stimulus (CS).

Question 7

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned up her room.What is the cookie in this example? 8)
A)conditioned response
B)punisher
C)positive reinforcer
D)negative reinforcer

Accepted Answer

The cookie is a positive reinforcer because it is being given to the grandchild as a reward for completing a desired behavior (cleaning up her room).

Question 8

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the do to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jode's crying when she sees dogs is the ________.
A)US
B)CS
C)UR
D)CR

Accepted Answer

Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the conditioned response (CR) because it is a learned reaction to the previously neutral stimulus of seeing dogs, which became associated with the pain of being bitten.

Question 9

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,salivation to the meat was the _______.
A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned response

Accepted Answer

The answer of By pairing the ringing of a bell...

Question 10

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.
A)stimulus discrimination
B)stimulus generalization
C)spontaneous recovery
D)2nd order conditioning

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization occurs when a stimulus that is similar to the CS also elicits the CR. This happens when an organism responds to similar stimuli in the same way that it responds to the original stimulus.

Question 11

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?
A)classical conditioning
B)insight learning
C)vicarious learning
D)operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Taste aversions are learned through classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning. In this type of learning, an originally neutral stimulus (in this case, a particular taste or food) becomes associated with an unpleasant or aversive experience (such as nausea or vomiting), leading to a conditioned response of avoidance or disgust towards that taste or food in the future.

Question 12

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was _______.
A)the experimenter
B)the laboratory
C)the loud noise
D)the rat

Accepted Answer

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was the rat. Initially, Albert showed no fear of the rat, but when a loud noise was paired with the presentation of the rat, he began to show fear not only of the rat but of other similar objects as well. This experiment was conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner, and it demonstrated the principles of classical conditioning.

Question 13

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the US?
A)the rat
B)the rabbit
C)the loud noise
D)the crying response

Accepted Answer

In the Albert experiment, the loud noise was the unconditioned stimulus (US) that elicited a fear response in the infant. The rat or rabbit was the conditioned stimulus (CS) that became associated with the fear response through classical conditioning.

Question 14

One of the best known examples of classical conditioning in humans was the Little Albert study,conducted by _______.
A)Pavlov
B)Freud
C)Watson
D)Skinner

Accepted Answer

The Little Albert study was conducted by John B. Watson in 1920, and it involved conditioning a small child (Little Albert) to fear a white rat by pairing its presence with a loud, sudden noise. This study is often cited as a classic example of classical conditioning in humans.

Question 15

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.
A)Albert
B)the rat
C)the loud noise
D)the laboratory room

Accepted Answer

In the experiment with Little Albert, John Watson used the rat as the conditioned stimulus that, when presented along with a loud noise (unconditioned stimulus), led to Albert's fear response.

Question 16

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the _______.
A)cat food
B)cats
C)running of the cats
D)cupboard door opening

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the natural or automatic trigger that elicits a response without any learning required. In this scenario, opening the cupboard door to get the cat food is the UCS because it naturally and automatically elicits the response of the cats running to the kitchen, without any prior conditioning.

Question 17

Who was Little Albert?
A)developer of the concept of classical conditioning
B)an animal trained by using operant conditioning procedures
C)creator of methods for teaching children
D)a child who developed a fear as part of a demonstration of classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Little Albert was a child who was used in an experiment to demonstrate classical conditioning. He was conditioned to fear a white rat, demonstrating how an initially neutral stimulus (the rat) could become a conditioned stimulus that evokes a fear response.

Question 18

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.
A)increased heartbeat
B)nude female's picture
C)sounds of the buzzer
D)viewing of the picture

Accepted Answer

The conditioned response is the increased heartbeat that occurs in response to the sound of the buzzer alone, after the subject has been conditioned to associate the buzzer with the picture.

Question 19

Spontaneous recovery:
A)occurs before the pairing of the CS and US.
B)occurs after a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement.
C)is an unlearned response.
D)can occur once a response has been extinguished

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished response after a rest period. It can occur once a response has been extinguished.

Question 20

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the CS?
A)the rat
B)the rabbit
C)the loud noise
D)the crying response

Accepted Answer

The CS (conditioned stimulus) in the Albert experiment was a white rat, which was paired with a loud noise (US or unconditioned stimulus) to create a fear response in the infant.

Quiz 7: Learning and Conditioning

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned response was _______.

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned stimulus was _______.

Little Albert (Watson,1920) learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

If a researcher presents the US first,then presents the CS,the pairing method used is _______.

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned up her room.What is the cookie in this example? 8)

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,salivation to the meat was the _______.

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was _______.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment) ,what was the US?

One of the best known examples of classical conditioning in humans was the Little Albert study,conducted by _______.

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the _______.

Who was Little Albert?

Spontaneous recovery:

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment) ,what was the CS?