Question 1

According to Levinson's original research, women were less likely to have mentors for their career because:

Accepted Answer

The text notes that at the time of Levinson's original work-the 1980s-fewer accomplished female mentors were available in the workforce.

Question 2

David has been a defense lawyer for 15 years. Now in his early 40s, he has volunteered his services to battered women in the community. According to Schaie, David's application of his cognitive skills reflects what stage of adult thinking?

Accepted Answer

According to Schaie's stages of adult cognitive development, the application of cognitive skills to societal concerns, as David is doing by volunteering his services to battered women, reflects the stage of social responsibility. This stage typically occurs in midlife, when adults strive to give back to society and make a difference in the lives of others.

Question 3

After graduating from high school, Tyrone and several of his classmates attended the local community college. Going to college immediately following high school is best considered to be an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

Going to college after graduating from high school is a normative event because it is a common and expected educational path for young adults in many societies.

Question 4

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in young adulthood?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), accidents (such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, drowning, and poisoning) are the leading cause of death for young adults (age 25-34) in the United States.

Question 5

At present, there is no cure for which of the following diseases?

Accepted Answer

Herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is currently incurable. While antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce outbreaks, they do not eliminate the virus from the body.

Question 6

According to Piaget, at which of the following ages do individuals typically reach the stage of formal operations, and thereby substantially complete their cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits that the stage of formal operations typically begins around age 12, marking a phase where individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and reason logically.

Question 7

Jonathon tells his best friend: "I'm going to accept a job offer from a start-up technology company, but if that doesn't work out, I'm sure my parents will bail me out and I can always join the family business." Generalizing from Gould's theory, if Jonathon is typical for people his age, he is most likely about:

Accepted Answer

According to Gould's theory of psychosocial development, young adults (ages 18-25) are in the stage of "intimacy vs. isolation," where they are exploring relationships and career options. Jonathon's statement reflects a typical attitude of someone in this stage, suggesting that he is likely in his mid-20s.

Question 8

At this stage in his life, Martin is busy with providing money for his family, with working on his relationship with his wife, and with helping his parents adjust to the processes of aging. According to Havighurst's model, which stage of development is Martin most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Havighurst's model identifies middle adulthood as the stage between age 40 and 65, during which individuals are typically focused on maintaining their relationships, advancing in their careers, and contributing to their communities. Martin's concerns align with this stage, as he is providing for his family, working on his marriage, and assisting his aging parents.

Question 9

As Shelly gets older, she is better able to work productively with people she doesn't like or doesn't respect. This ability is most central to which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. Being able to work productively with people despite personal feelings towards them requires a high level of emotional intelligence.

Question 10

Which of the following is the term that describes thought that seeks to integrate opposing or conflicting ideas and observations?

Accepted Answer

Dialectical thought involves seeking to integrate opposing or conflicting ideas and observations. Normative thought involves making judgments about what is right or wrong. Preformal thought is characterized by a lack of logical reasoning abilities. Postformal thought involves recognizing the complexity and uncertainty of reality.

Question 11

Researchers use which of the following terms to express how we know when certain events in our life "should" occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers use which of the following terms...

Question 12

Although Mary is only 17 years old, she is married, has a child, holds a complex job, and provides the majority of her family's income. To describe Mary as being "like a 30-year-old" would emphasize which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Social age refers to the behaviors and expectations associated with a certain age group in a particular society. In this case, Mary's responsibilities and role in her family are more characteristic of someone who is older than her chronological age, so describing her as "like a 30-year-old" emphasizes her social age.

Question 13

According to the view of Daniel Levinson, the life structure develops out of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

According to Daniel Levinson, the life structure develops out of taking on and resolving the tasks of life. He believed that individuals navigate through various stages of life where they take on new and more complex tasks that lead to personal growth and development. These tasks and their resolution form the basis of an individual's life structure.

Question 14

How well a person adapts to environmental demands is most important to the concept captured by which of the following terms?

Accepted Answer

Psychological age refers to a person's ability to adapt to environmental demands, including cognitive and emotional aspects of development. Chronological age refers to the number of years a person has been alive, social age relates to societal expectations and cultural norms related to behavior at certain ages, and biological age refers to changes in physical appearance, organ function, and health status.

Question 15

According to the text, all of the following reach their peak during young adulthood EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The text states that vitality, strength, and endurance reach their peak during young adulthood, but there is no mention of visual acuity reaching its peak during this time.

Question 16

Sexual orientation is best thought of as being:

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation is better understood as a continuum, with individuals varying in the degree to which they have same-sex and opposite-sex preferences, rather than an either-or choice. While there is some evidence for biological factors playing a role, there are also significant social and psychological factors that contribute to the development of sexual orientation. Therefore, it is best conceptualized as a complex interplay between a range of biological, social, and psychological factors.

Question 17

Suppose you survey a population of U. S. married adults about their sexual activity. You should expect that couples in which of the following age groups will report having sex most frequently?

Accepted Answer

Generally, couples in their 20s and 30s report having sex most frequently due to their physical peak and lower stress levels compared to older age groups. Hormones and intimacy are also factors that influence sexual frequency. However, it is important to remember that individual differences and circumstances for each couple may vary.

Question 18

Beginning at about age 38, most women find that:

Accepted Answer

As women approach their late 30s and early 40s, their ovaries start to release fewer eggs and with greater irregularity. This is due to the natural decline in the number and quality of eggs in the ovaries as a woman ages, leading to a decrease in fertility and an increased risk of pregnancy complications. This process is called ovarian aging and is a normal part of the aging process for women.

Question 19

Jack is 60 years old, has never married, and consequently feels like he "missed out" on the most important thing in life - to fall in love and be in love with another person. According to Erikson's view of adult development, Jack is experiencing a sense of:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory suggests that in the stage of adulthood, the major conflict individuals face is intimacy versus isolation. Intimacy involves establishing close relationships with others, while isolation involves feelings of being alone and disconnected. Since Jack has never married and feels like he "missed out" on love, he is likely experiencing isolation. Existential loneliness refers to a deeper feeling of disconnection from the universe and purpose, mistrust of emotions relates to a lack of emotional regulation or understanding, and stagnation refers to a lack of personal growth or progress.

Question 20

According to Havighurst, selecting a mate and rearing children are tasks of:

Accepted Answer

According to Havighurst's theory of developmental tasks, selecting a mate and starting a family are tasks of early adulthood, which typically spans from the late teens or early twenties to the thirties.

Quiz 12: Young Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development