Question 1

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the parietal lobes,an area of the brain involved in spatial understanding peaks.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Today,the average 10-year-old weighs 11 pounds more than the average 10-year-old did ___ years ago.

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, the average 10-year-old weighs 11 pounds more than the average 10-year-old did x years ago. Therefore, we need to choose the answer choice that represents a large enough number of years for the weight difference to be significant. Since 10-year-olds do not typically undergo significant physical changes in just 20 or 30 years, we can eliminate answer choices A and B. Similarly, 50 years is a longer time frame than necessary for the given weight difference, so answer choice D can also be eliminated. That leaves answer choice C, which is a reasonable amount of time for a significant weight difference to occur.

Question 3

Ziaul has an fMRI and his doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of his brain partially involved in dealing with spatial understanding.The doctor is referring to what part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, spatial processing, and perception of stimuli. It is also involved in motor control and visual perception. Therefore, if Ziaul's gray matter has peaked in the lobe partially involved in dealing with spatial understanding, it is likely referring to his parietal lobe.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding population differences in growth among school-age children is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research shows that by age 6, African American girls have more muscle and bone mass than white girls.

Question 5

The primary teeth begin to fall out at age _____ and are replaced by permanent teeth.

Accepted Answer

The primary teeth usually begin to fall out around age 6 and the process continues until about age 12-13 when all of the adult teeth have erupted. Therefore, the correct answer is C) 6.

Question 6

Which of the following seems to be the best reason for the marked decrease in children's tooth decay during the past 20 years?

Accepted Answer

The increased use of sealants on the rough, chewing surfaces of children's teeth helps to prevent tooth decay by creating a protective barrier. This has been one of the major changes in dental practices in the past 20 years and has been shown to significantly decrease tooth decay in children. While regular brushing and flossing and improved nutrition and eating habits can also contribute to better oral health, they may not be the primary reason for the marked decrease in children's tooth decay. Option D is incorrect as tooth decay has decreased over the past 20 years, not increased.

Question 7

Brain development in middle childhood includes

Accepted Answer

In middle childhood, there is a loss of density in gray matter, but an increase in white matter occurs as the brain becomes more efficient in processing information. Additionally, the cortex thickens as new neural connections are established and refined. Therefore, all three options A, B, and C are correct.

Question 8

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the caudate,a part of the basal ganglia involved in control of movement and muscle tone,peaks.

Accepted Answer

The volume of gray matter in the caudate peaks at age 7 in girls and age 10 in boys, reflecting a developmental difference in brain maturation rates between genders.

Question 9

Children are first introduced to the magic of the Tooth Fairy when their primary teeth begin to fall out at about age _____.

Accepted Answer

Children usually begin to lose their primary teeth at around age 6, which is when they are typically introduced to the Tooth Fairy.

Question 10

Between 1971 and 1994,the number of children ages 6 to 18 with untreated cavities has

Accepted Answer

Between 1971 and 1994, there was a significant improvement in dental health care and awareness, leading to an 80% decrease in the number of children ages 6 to 18 with untreated cavities.

Question 11

Judgments of normal weight and body composition in middle-school-age children should be made cautiously because

Accepted Answer

Different ethnic groups and populations can have varying developmental rates, which means that using a single standard for all children may not accurately reflect healthy body composition for every child.

Question 12

Elizabeth is receiving injections of growth hormone to increase her height.These hormones:

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone injections are primarily recommended for children who have a natural deficiency in growth hormone, to help them achieve a height closer to their genetic potential. This treatment is not without risks and is not recommended for children who do not have a hormone deficiency.

Question 13

By age 11,the average child,both males and females,weigh about _____ pounds.

Accepted Answer

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average weight of an 11-year-old child is about 100 pounds (45.4 kg), which is closer to option C.

Question 14

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the frontal lobes,an area of the brain involved in higher-order functions peaks.

Accepted Answer

The volume of gray matter in the frontal lobes peaks around age 11 in girls and age 12 in boys, reflecting developmental differences in brain maturation.

Question 15

Sally's primary teeth have been falling out at a rate of about four each year.This process will probably continue until she is approximately ___ years old.

Accepted Answer

Primary teeth, also known as baby teeth, typically start falling out around age 6 and are usually replaced by permanent teeth by age 12 or 13.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about growth hormone is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone is not approved as an effective treatment for obesity in children. It is primarily used for growth deficiencies and certain medical conditions.

Question 17

Although individual growth in middle childhood varies widely,one typical difference between school-age boys and school-age girls is that

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, girls typically retain more fatty tissue than boys, which is a normal part of their development and differentiation. Boys may have more muscle mass, contributing to differences in physical composition between genders during this age.

Question 18

Christina is beginning to feel like a giant among her classmates and thinks that something is wrong with her.Which of the following best describes children's height gain during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, school-age children grow an average of about 1 to 3 inches a year. Therefore, Christina's growth is likely within the normal range and there is nothing wrong with her.

Question 19

Claudette has an fMRI and her doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the part of her brain beneath the cortex and part of the basal ganglia involved in control of movement,muscle tone,attention,and emotional states.Claudette's doctor is referring to what part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Claudette has an fMRI and her doctor...

Question 20

A technique designed to prevent decay on the rough,chewing surfaces of children's teeth involves the use of:

Accepted Answer

Adhesive sealants are specifically designed to protect the rough, chewing surfaces of children's teeth from decay by sealing the pits and fissures where bacteria can get trapped. Fluoride treatments can also help prevent decay, but they are not as effective on the chewing surfaces of teeth. Abrasive cleaning products and tooth sanding are not effective in preventing decay and can actually damage the teeth if done improperly.

Quiz 12: Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood