Question 1

The characteristic of motivation known as activation refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Activation refers to the initiation or production of behavior. It is the starting point of any motivated behavior.

Question 2

Which of the following is a criticism of instinct theories of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Instinct theories do not provide an explanation for the underlying processes that drive behavior. Instead, they simply describe the behavior and label it as an instinct. This approach has been criticized for being too simplistic and failing to provide a comprehensive account of motivation.

Question 3

Pick a specific goal that you would like to achieve, and then discuss how you will create and use implementation intentions to help you achieve that goal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pick a specific goal that you would...

Question 4

Describe the basic premises of Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the basic premises of Schachter and...

Question 5

The three basic characteristics commonly associated with motivation are:

Accepted Answer

Activation refers to the initiation or start of a behavior, persistence refers to continuing the behavior despite obstacles or challenges, and intensity refers to the amount of effort or energy put into the behavior. These three characteristics are commonly associated with motivation and are key components in understanding why people engage in certain behaviors. Choices A, C, and D are all related to motivation but do not represent the three commonly associated characteristics.

Question 6

How does the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion explain the experience of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the cognitive appraisal theory of...

Question 7

Define self-efficacy, and identify different ways to strengthen your sense of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define self-efficacy, and identify different ways to...

Question 8

In his landmark text, Principles of Psychology, _____ included fear, disgust, greediness, cleanliness, modesty, and parental love in his list of human instincts.

Accepted Answer

William James included fear, disgust, greediness, cleanliness, modesty, and parental love in his list of human instincts in Principles of Psychology.

Question 9

______ view some human motives as innate and due to genetic programming.

Accepted Answer

Instinct theories suggest that some human motives are innate and due to genetic programming. These theories propose that behaviors are driven by natural instincts, which are fixed patterns of behavior that have evolved to help humans survive and reproduce.

Question 10

Although Hunter keeps falling when he tries to learn to ice skate, he keeps working at being a better skater so he can play ice hockey. Hunter is demonstrating the motivation characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Persistence refers to the quality of continuing to work on a task even in the face of difficulties or setbacks. This is the characteristic demonstrated by Hunter as he keeps trying to learn to ice skate despite falling. Competence refers to the desire to feel capable or skilled in a task, intensity refers to the level of effort or enthusiasm put into a task, and initiation refers to starting a task or taking the first step. While these may also be important for motivation, they are not the specific characteristic demonstrated by Hunter in this scenario.

Question 11

It is an innate characteristic of Canada geese to fly south in the winter. This behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Canada geese flying south in the winter is a behavior that is instinctual or innate, meaning it is a fixed pattern of behavior that is genetically determined and passed down from one generation to the next. This is an example of instinctual motivation, which is driven by biological and genetic factors rather than external incentives or drives.

Question 12

"People have a sociability motive because interacting with others affords more opportunities to find a potential mate." This statement best illustrates _____ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the instinctual motivation to find a mate which is consistent with the theories of motivation that focus on biological instincts, such as the sociability instinct in this case.

Question 13

In the late 1800s, the newly founded science of psychology initially embraced _____ theories to explain motivation.

Accepted Answer

In the late 1800s, the science of psychology initially embraced instinct theories, which proposed that behavior is driven by innate patterns of behavior that are shaped by evolution.

Question 14

Persistence is a characteristic of motivation that is demonstrated by the:

Accepted Answer

Persistence refers to the continued drive and determination to achieve a goal, even in the face of obstacles. It is about not giving up and maintaining effort and focus over time. Choices A, C, and D are not correct because they refer to other aspects of motivation such as initiation of behavior, level of energy or response, and subjective experience/physiology rather than persistence.

Question 15

Intensity in motivation is seen as the:

Accepted Answer

Intensity in motivation is related to the level of vigor in responding that accompanies motivated behavior. It reflects the strength and amount of effort an individual is willing to put towards achieving a particular goal.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. Motivation is generally inferred from outward behavior as we cannot observe the underlying feelings directly. Activation, persistence, and intensity are the three main characteristics of motivated behavior. Motivational concepts like incentives or needs are commonly used to explain or understand the behavior of others.

Question 17

Motivation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

This definition captures all aspects of motivation, including the internal and external factors that drive behavior. It accounts for different types of motivation (e.g. biological, emotional, cognitive) and how they interact with each other.

B is a valid definition of motivation as well, but it only focuses on one type (i.e. drive reduction).

C is more of a definition for "self-actualization" rather than motivation.

D describes one component of motivation (i.e. the subjective experience) but does not capture the full definition.

Question 18

Sarah is determined to play the role of Clara in the ballet The Nutcracker. She begins to work very hard in ballet classes with this goal in mind. Sarah is demonstrating which characteristic of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sarah is determined to play the role...

Question 19

Which influential scientist inspired psychologists, such as William James and William McDougal, to devise lists of instincts to account for human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and his study of animal behavior, including instincts, inspired many psychologists, including William James and William McDougal, to develop similar concepts in human psychology. Darwin's work was foundational in the development of the field of evolutionary psychology, which seeks to explain human behavior in terms of adaptation to past environments.

Question 20

As the date of the state championships drew closer, Evan worked harder and longer in practice. Evan was demonstrating which characteristic of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The characteristic of motivation demonstrated by Evan is intensity, as he is putting in more effort and time into practice as the event draws closer.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion