Question 1

Repeated use of an opiate

Accepted Answer

Repeated use of opiates can disrupt the normal production of endorphins in the brain, leading to a decreased ability to naturally manage pain and feel pleasure. This can contribute to the development of dependence and addiction.

Question 2

After a stressful day at the office,Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner.Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that heavy drinking can impair memory consolidation, making it probable that Arthur will have difficulty recalling the people he talked to and the things he said while drinking the next day. Conversely, his ability to recall the names of people he just met while drinking will likely not be affected as heavily, as this is short-term memory. Similarly, it is unlikely that he will forget his employer's name and his home address while drinking, as these are likely to be well-established long-term memories for him. Finally, the impact of heavy drinking on Arthur's ability to remember the business associates he talked to before going to the bar is difficult to predict without more information and may depend on a variety of factors such as how well he knew them beforehand, the nature of their conversations, and how much he drank.

Question 3

If heavy drinking follows a period of moderate drinking,people may poison themselves with an overdose because the moderate drinking

Accepted Answer

Moderate drinking can reduce the body's tolerance to alcohol and depress the vomiting response, making it more likely for someone to drink to the point of alcohol poisoning if they suddenly binge drink. This is because the body has not built up a tolerance to the higher doses of alcohol, and the vomiting reflex is depressed, making it harder for the body to expel the excess alcohol.

Question 4

Alfred,who has a history of illegal drug use,is currently using methadone to help him quit.His brain no longer produces endorphins because of his drug use.He was using a(n)

Accepted Answer

Methadone is an opiate used to treat opiate addiction. The fact that Alfred's brain no longer produces endorphins suggests that he has damaged the natural reward system in his brain, which is a common effect of opiate use.

Question 5

Amphetamines are classified as ________ and barbiturates are classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are stimulants that speed up the central nervous system, while barbiturates are depressants that slow down the same system.

Question 6

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task.This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Accepted Answer

The fact that individuals who consumed alcohol were less likely to notice their minds wandering suggests a reduction in self-awareness, which is likely due to the known effects of alcohol on the brain's inhibitory functions. Alcohol can decrease activity in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for self-monitoring and control.

Question 7

Women who have been drinking alcohol become ________ disposed to casual sex,and men who have been drinking become ________ disposed to casual sex.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol lowers inhibitions and increases the likelihood of engaging in risk-taking behaviors, such as casual sex, for both men and women.

Question 8

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that prolonged and excessive drinking can lead to brain shrinkage, and women are more susceptible to this effect than men. Additionally, women have less of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol compared to men, making it more difficult for them to metabolize alcohol and increasing their risk for brain damage.

Question 9

Jana has had such terrible alcohol withdrawal symptoms that she will not try again to cut back on her habit of drinking too much.Jana is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Jana's symptoms suggest that she has developed alcohol use disorder, a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over alcohol consumption, and a negative emotional state when not using alcohol. Withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors, anxiety, and nausea, can occur when someone with alcohol use disorder tries to cut back or stop drinking. It is important for Jana to seek professional help if she wants to quit drinking safely and effectively.

Question 10

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates are the drugs most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers. They belong to a class of drugs called depressants, which slow down the activity in the central nervous system and induce feelings of relaxation and calmness. Amphetamines, hallucinogens, and opiates are not typically prescribed as tranquilizers, as they have different effects on the body and mind.

Question 11

Those with alcohol use disorder are likely to experience symptoms of ________ when alcohol use is suspended.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol use disorder is commonly associated with withdrawal symptoms when alcohol consumption is suspended. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include anxiety, tremors, sweating, nausea, and seizures. In some cases, withdrawal can be life-threatening, making it important for individuals with alcohol use disorder to seek medical assistance when trying to quit drinking. Dehydration, disinhibition, and hallucinations can also occur as a result of alcohol use disorder, but these are not specifically associated with withdrawal.

Question 12

In large amounts,alcohol is a ________;in small amounts,it is a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In large amounts,alcohol is a ________;in small...

Question 13

Morphine and heroin are

Accepted Answer

Morphine and heroin are classified as opiates, which are drugs that are derived from the opium poppy plant. They have pain-relieving and sedative effects on the central nervous system.

Question 14

Which synthetic opiate is sometimes prescribed as a substitute for heroin?

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opiate that is often prescribed as a substitute for heroin in medication-assisted treatment programs for opioid addiction. Methamphetamine (A) is a stimulant drug, not an opiate, and is not used as a substitute for heroin. Melatonin (B) is a hormone that is sometimes used as a sleep aid, but is not used as a substitute for heroin. THC (D) is the main psychoactive compound in marijuana, also not used as a substitute for heroin.

Question 15

Under the influence of alcohol,sexually aroused men are ________ likely to be sexually aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

Accepted Answer

Under the influence of alcohol, sexually aroused men are more likely to exhibit lowered inhibitions, which can increase the likelihood of sexually aggressive behavior. Similarly, alcohol can lead to more generous behaviors, such as tipping, due to reduced inhibitions and altered judgment.

Question 16

Alcohol consumption is likely to ________ attention to an arousing provocation and ________ attention to normal inhibitions.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption can increase attention to an arousing provocation, such as sexual or aggressive cues, while decreasing attention to normal inhibitions or social cues that would normally inhibit behavior. This is because alcohol disrupts the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for inhibiting impulsive behavior and regulating emotions. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 17

Abigail has been prescribed a drug to help her sleep.This drug depresses activity in her nervous system.She was likely prescribed a(n)

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants that can be used as sedatives or hypnotics for their calming effects. They act by increasing the activity of a specific neurotransmitter in the brain, which leads to reduced activity in the nervous system and promotes sleep. Opiates, stimulants, and amphetamines all have the opposite effect of increasing nervous system activity and would not be effective for treating insomnia.

Question 18

A drug that leads people to behave impulsively and to lack normal restraint or self-control is said to act as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A disinhibitor is a drug that reduces inhibitions and increases impulsivity, leading to behavior that is usually inhibited in normal circumstances.

Question 19

The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ nervous system activity.

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates decrease both anxiety and overall nervous system activity, which can make them effective as sedatives, anesthetics, and anticonvulsants. However, they can also have dangerous side effects such as respiratory depression and physical dependence.

Question 20

University men were shown an erotic movie clip.Compared with those who thought they had recently consumed a nonalcoholic beverage,men who believed they had recently consumed an alcoholic beverage were

Accepted Answer

The passage states that compared with those who thought they had recently consumed a nonalcoholic beverage, men who believed they had recently consumed an alcoholic beverage were "more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies." There is no mention of them being less likely to report having feelings of guilt, so option B and C can be ruled out. Therefore, the correct answer is D - more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and less likely to report having feelings of guilt.

Quiz 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Repeated use of an opiate

After a stressful day at the office,Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner.Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

If heavy drinking follows a period of moderate drinking,people may poison themselves with an overdose because the moderate drinking

Alfred,who has a history of illegal drug use,is currently using methadone to help him quit.His brain no longer produces endorphins because of his drug use.He was using a(n)

Amphetamines are classified as and barbiturates are classified as .

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task.This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Women who have been drinking alcohol become disposed to casual sex,and men who have been drinking become disposed to casual sex.

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in who have of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

Jana has had such terrible alcohol withdrawal symptoms that she will not try again to cut back on her habit of drinking too much.Jana is most likely suffering from

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

Those with alcohol use disorder are likely to experience symptoms of ________ when alcohol use is suspended.

In large amounts,alcohol is a ;in small amounts,it is a .

Morphine and heroin are

Which synthetic opiate is sometimes prescribed as a substitute for heroin?

Under the influence of alcohol,sexually aroused men are likely to be sexually aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

Alcohol consumption is likely to attention to an arousing provocation and attention to normal inhibitions.

Abigail has been prescribed a drug to help her sleep.This drug depresses activity in her nervous system.She was likely prescribed a(n)

A drug that leads people to behave impulsively and to lack normal restraint or self-control is said to act as a(n)

The use of barbiturates anxiety and nervous system activity.

University men were shown an erotic movie clip.Compared with those who thought they had recently consumed a nonalcoholic beverage,men who believed they had recently consumed an alcoholic beverage were