Question 1

The large,slow brain waves associated with N3 sleep are called

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are the large, slow brain waves associated with N3 sleep. Alpha waves are associated with relaxed wakefulness, beta waves with active wakefulness, and sleep spindles are short bursts of brain waves during Stage 2 sleep.

Question 2

Research on sleep patterns indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that sleep patterns are influenced by both genetics and culture. For example, some cultures may have a tradition of taking midday naps while others do not. Additionally, genetics play a role in determining individual differences in sleep patterns, such as whether someone is a morning or evening person. Older adults and newborns actually have quite different sleep patterns, with older adults often experiencing more fragmented sleep and less time spent in deep sleep. The idea that everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night is a commonly held belief, but the actual amount of sleep needed can vary greatly from person to person. The relationship between sleep patterns and dream content is a topic of ongoing research and debate, but it is generally thought that different stages of sleep are associated with different types of dreams.

Question 3

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half,his heart began to beat faster,his breathing became fast and irregular,and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth.Carlos was most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described - rapid heart rate, irregular breathing, and eye movements - are hallmark signs of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is also known as dreaming sleep. During REM sleep, your brain is very active while your body is mostly paralyzed, and your eyes move quickly back and forth. This is in contrast to the deep, slow-wave sleep of N3, which has a more regular breathing pattern and no eye movements. Sleep apnea and narcolepsy may also disrupt sleep patterns, but do not specifically involve the characteristic symptoms of REM sleep.

Question 4

Compared with alpha and beta waves,delta waves are

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are slower than alpha and beta waves, and they are also larger in amplitude.

Question 5

Thanks to modern lighting and social media diversions,many adults who would have gone to bed at 9:00 P.M.a century ago are now up until 11:00 P.M.or later.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on sleep patterns.

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the social and environmental factors that shape human behavior, including sleep patterns. Modern lighting and social media diversions are part of the cultural factors that have impacted sleep patterns, leading many adults to stay up later than they would have in the past. Cognitive development, high waking metabolism, and latent content do not accurately describe the impact of these cultural factors on sleep patterns.

Question 6

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Paradoxical sleep is another term for REM sleep, which is characterized by rapid eye movements and is quite different from slow-wave sleep, which is deep sleep (N3). Thus, REM sleep is to slow-wave sleep (N3) as REM sleep is to N3 sleep.

Question 7

At the very onset of sleep,Melanie experienced pressure on her body followed by a feeling that she was falling.Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Melanie's experience of pressure on her body followed by a feeling of falling is a common hypnagogic sensation that occurs during the onset of sleep. This experience is characterized by vivid sensory experiences that can be visual, auditory or tactile in nature. Hypnagogic sensations can be associated with sleep paralysis, vivid dreams and hallucinations.

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep?

Accepted Answer

Bed-wetting (nocturnal enuresis) is most commonly associated with slow-wave sleep, which is the deepest phase of non-REM sleep. This is when the body is in its most relaxed state, and control over bodily functions such as bladder control can be reduced.

Question 9

Margie insists that she never dreams,but her roommate feels she can prove otherwise.To prove that Margie does dream,the roommate should

Accepted Answer

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is the stage of sleep when most dreaming occurs. Waking Margie during her REM sleep and asking her what she's dreaming is the most effective way to prove that she does dream. The other options (feeding her rich food, making an all-night audio recording, or waking her after 5 minutes of sleep) do not necessarily guarantee proof that Margie dreams.

Question 10

N1 sleep is likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

N1 sleep, also known as the initial stage of sleep or the transition phase from wakefulness to sleep, is often associated with hypnagogic sensations. These sensations can include feelings of falling, hearing noises, or seeing visual patterns, and occur as one is falling asleep.

Question 11

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a pair of cell clusters in the ________ that controls circadian rhythm.

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is located in the hypothalamus, specifically above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for regulating the body's circadian rhythm, or 24-hour sleep-wake cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following typically occur(s)during REM (R)sleep?

Accepted Answer

Genital arousal is a common occurrence during REM sleep, as the brain is more active and this can trigger physical arousal in the body. Night terrors and bed-wetting more commonly occur during non-REM sleep, and muscular tension can occur during both REM and non-REM sleep.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM (R)sleep?

Accepted Answer

During REM (R) sleep, voluntary muscles are actually relaxed and inactive, which is why it is sometimes called "paradoxical sleep."

Question 14

Which of the following people requires the most of sleep each day?

Accepted Answer

Infants require the most sleep, with newborns requiring up to 18-20 hours of sleep a day and gradually decreasing as they age.

Question 15

In a typical full night of sleep,you will spend the greatest amount of time (about 50 percent)in

Accepted Answer

During a typical full night of sleep, an individual spends the greatest amount of time in N2 sleep, which accounts for about 50% of the sleep cycle. N2 sleep is a stage of light sleep before you enter deeper sleep (N3).

Question 16

Sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are bursts of neural activity that occur during stage N2 of non-REM sleep.

Question 17

During N1 sleep,people may experience fantastic images that resemble

Accepted Answer

During N1 sleep, people may experience hallucinations in the form of fantastic images. Delta waves are associated with deep sleep, sleep spindles occur during N2 sleep, and latent content refers to the hidden meaning of dreams in psychoanalytic theory.

Question 18

N2 sleep is to ________ as N3 sleep is to ________.

Accepted Answer

N2 sleep is characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes, while N3 sleep is characterized by delta waves. Therefore, the best choice would be B, sleep spindles; delta waves.

Question 19

During which sleep stage does your brain emit large,slow delta waves?

Accepted Answer

During NREM-3 (N3) sleep, the brain emits large, slow delta waves. NREM-3 is also known as slow-wave sleep and is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep.

Question 20

Felix is a young adult who has been asleep for 3 hours.As he continues to sleep,we can expect that

Accepted Answer

N3 sleep, also known as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep, typically decreases in duration throughout the night, while REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is associated with dreaming, tends to increase in duration in the later sleep cycles.

Quiz 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind