Question 1

Thirty-year-old Jeremy has extreme,recurring mood swings in which he experiences severe bouts of depression and then becomes extremely agitated and euphoric for no apparent reason.Jeremy is suffering from

Accepted Answer

The extreme mood swings described in the scenario are characteristic of bipolar disorder. The symptoms of this disorder can include episodes of depression and episodes of mania, which involve elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior.

Question 2

Elaine feels that her life is empty,has lost all interest in her career and hobbies,and wonders if she would be better off dead.She is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Elaine's symptoms are consistent with those of major depressive disorder, including feelings of emptiness and lost interest in previously enjoyable activities. While bipolar disorder and mania involve mood swings between depression and elevated or energized states, there is no indication of such swings in this scenario. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves chronic anger and irritability, which are not mentioned in Elaine's case.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder affects men and women equally in terms of diagnosis rates.

Question 4

Two or more weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest in all activities are to ________ disorder as extreme,recurring mood swings are to ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The first scenario described is characteristic of major depressive disorder, while extreme, recurring mood swings are indicative of bipolar disorder. Choice C correctly pairs major depressive and bipolar disorders.

Question 5

Daniel spends each morning counting every book in his personal library,as well as every kitchen utensil and dish before he will leave for work.He repeats the process when he comes home.He recognizes that this is irrational,but he becomes extremely agitated when he tries to stop.Daniel's behaviors are most symptomatic of

Accepted Answer

Daniel's behavior of counting every book and kitchen utensil and dish is a classic symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). His recognition that the behavior is irrational, but inability to stop without extreme agitation, also supports this diagnosis. Panic disorder and agoraphobia involve fear and avoidance of certain situations or experiences, which are not present in this scenario. Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry and anxiety about a variety of situations, rather than specific compulsive behaviors.

Question 6

It has been estimated that the heritability of major depressive disorder is ________ percent.

Accepted Answer

The heritability of major depressive disorder is estimated to be around 40 percent, indicating that genetic factors contribute significantly to the risk of developing the disorder.

Question 7

Nonsuicidal self-injury is most likely to become a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and future suicide attempts when it coexists with

Accepted Answer

NSSI is most likely to become a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and future suicide attempts when it coexists with bipolar disorder.

Question 8

The second-highest suicide rate is found in which age group?

Accepted Answer

The second-highest suicide rate is found in individuals aged 85 or older. This demographic often faces unique challenges such as health issues, isolation, and the loss of loved ones, which can contribute to a higher risk of suicide.

Question 9

Children and adolescents who previously may have received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder would now receive a diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 introduced disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) as a diagnosis for children and adolescents who previously may have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. DMDD is characterized by severe and persistent irritability and frequent outbursts of extreme behavioral dyscontrol. The diagnosis requires that symptoms begin before age 10 and that there is clear evidence of persistent irritability across multiple settings.  This disorder aims to address concerns about overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and youth, as well as the associated use of atypical antipsychotic medications.

Question 10

Based on current research,what would be a correct response to the notion that most people who suffer from mental illness should be institutionalized in order to reduce gun violence?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the use of alcohol or drugs,brain damage,and a history of previous violence are all better predictors of violent crime than mental illness. It is important to address these factors as well as provide appropriate mental health treatment for those who need it, rather than solely relying on the institutionalization of individuals with mental illness as a solution to reducing gun violence.

Question 11

Those who suffer from ________ often become fixated on potential threats.

Accepted Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive and persistent worry about a variety of topics, such as health, finances, work, and relationships. This worry causes significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. In those with generalized anxiety disorder, the worry is often focused on potential threats and worst-case scenarios.

Question 12

Which of the following are disorders that involve anxiety but are NOT classified as anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) and PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) both involve anxiety but are classified as separate disorders. OCD involves recurring unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that a person feels compelled to perform, while PTSD develops after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Question 13

The idea that we are biologically programmed to fear threats faced by our ancestors can help explain phobias related to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Bombs falling from the sky is not a threat that our ancestors would have faced, so it cannot be explained by the theory of biological programming.

Question 14

Although questions remain concerning the cause(s)of depression,we do know that

Accepted Answer

According to research, women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from major depressive disorder. This has been consistently shown in various studies and is a well-established fact in the field of psychology.

Note: A is partially correct, but it is not the best choice as some major depressive episodes do self-terminate. C and D are both incorrect as the rate of major depressive disorder is actually increasing, and major depressive episodes can be preceded by stressful events.

Question 15

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension,sleeplessness,and an inability to concentrate.Lenore most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Lenore's symptoms of muscle tension, sleeplessness, and inability to concentrate are all characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder, which is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry and anxiety that affects daily functioning. Phobia, agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder do not match Lenore's symptoms.

Question 16

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake.Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child.The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's suggestion that Andrea's fear of lakes results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child reflects a conditioning perspective. Conditioning theories suggest that fears and phobias can be learned through past traumatic experiences and associations between stimuli and fear responses. Andrea's fear of lakes is likely a conditioned response to the traumatic boat accident she experienced.

Question 17

Years after he barely survived an attack that injured his wife and two children,Mr.Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job.Mr.Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

Accepted Answer

Mr.Puskari's symptoms of recurring flashbacks and nightmares, as well as his inability to hold a steady job, are all common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as the attack Mr. Puskari survived, and can cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (A) and generalized anxiety disorder (B) may involve symptoms of recurring thoughts or worries, but they do not necessarily stem from a traumatic event. Survivor resiliency (D) refers to a person's ability to bounce back and recover from a traumatic experience, but Mr. Puskari's difficulties suggest he is struggling to do so.

Question 18

In one survey conducted in 21 countries,________ of those interviewed reported moderate to severe depression.

Accepted Answer

In the survey conducted across 21 countries, almost 5 percent of those interviewed reported experiencing moderate to severe depression.

Question 19

Immigrants to the United States from Mexico average ________ mental health than Mexican-Americans born in the United States.Immigrants to the United States from Asia average ________ mental health than Asian-Americans born in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Immigrants to the United States from Mexico and Asia often exhibit the "immigrant paradox," where despite facing socioeconomic disadvantages, they have better mental health outcomes compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. This phenomenon is attributed to factors such as strong family ties, community support, and cultural resilience.

Question 20

Several times in the past two months,Petra has experienced a racing heart,intense fear that something horrible is about to happen,and an inability to breathe.Petra most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with those of a panic attack, which are sudden and intense episodes of extreme fear or discomfort that often include physical symptoms such as a racing heart and difficulty breathing. Panic attacks can be associated with panic disorder.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders