Question 1

According to the text,compares treatment results to non-disturbed samples,in order to evaluate the social validity of a particular treatment.

Accepted Answer

Normative comparison involves comparing treatment results to non-disturbed samples to evaluate the social validity of a particular treatment, helping to understand how the treatment outcomes compare to those of typical, undisturbed populations.

Question 2

Experimental results concerning the efficacy of a particular treatment are labelled "statistically significant" when

Accepted Answer

Statistically significant results are those that have a low probability of occurring purely by chance. The other options include additional criteria such as demonstrating efficacy in real life or comparing results to non-disturbed samples, which may not be necessary for a result to be labeled as statistically significant. Therefore, only option D includes the necessary criterion for a result to be considered statistically significant.

Question 3

Psychological assessment is a central component of psychological testing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychological assessment is a central component of...

Question 4

A musical child grows older and begins to hang out with other musically-gifted peers,and eventually decides to enter the Faculty of Music when he goes to University.This is known as

Accepted Answer

This scenario involves the child actively seeking out a musical environment and choosing to pursue a musical education. This is an example of active gene-environment correlation, as the child's genetic predisposition for music likely influenced their interest and motivation to pursue it further.

Question 5

Though based on the investigation of an individual subject,thedesign avoids many of the criticisms of the case study by using experimentally accepted procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though based on the investigation of an...

Question 6

Because of the potential confound of shared environment instudies,behavioural geneticists have often turned to other methods such as adoption studies.

Accepted Answer

The potential confound of shared environment refers to the fact that family members often share similar environmental experiences, making it difficult to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on behaviour. Therefore, behavioural geneticists have turned to other methods, such as adoption studies, to examine genetic influences on behaviour. Cross-fostering is a specific type of adoption study, so it is not a separate method from adoption studies. Psychological studies may or may not involve genetic influences, so it is too general of a category to be the best answer.

Question 7

Bill is a clinician who feels that when it comes to evaluating and interpreting data about a patient,there is no substitute for the clinician's personal experience and judgment.Bill is most likely endorsing the actuarial approach to prediction.

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the clinical approach to prediction, which emphasizes the clinician's personal experience and judgment over statistical data and algorithms. The actuarial approach, on the other hand, emphasizes the use of objective data and systematic algorithms to make predictions.

Question 8

There has been a great deal of research,using a wide variety of methods,examining the concordance rates for disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.These studies have generally revealed higher concordance rates inthan in

Accepted Answer

The studies examining concordance rates for disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have generally revealed higher concordance rates in monozygotic twins (identical twins who share 100% of their genetic material) than in dizygotic twins (fraternal twins who share only 50% of their genetic material). Therefore, the correct answer choice is E (monozygotic twins; dizygotic twins).

Question 9

One of the oldest and most well established brain imaging techniques is the electroencephalogram (EEG),which reads the brain's electrical activity via electrodes placed on the scalp.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The EEG is a well-established brain imaging technique that measures the brain's electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp.

Question 10

Alternate-form reliability refers to the degree of reliability within a test.

Accepted Answer

Alternate-form reliability refers to the reliability between different versions or forms of a test.

Question 11

Which of the following was NOT presented by the text as a criticism of the case study method of investigating abnormal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The text did not present this as a criticism of the case study method. Instead, it was mentioned that case studies can provide ideas for future research and generate new hypotheses.

Question 12

Face validity goes one step beyond content validity in its requirement that a test's content include a representative sample of behaviors thought to be related to the construct the test is designed to measure.

Accepted Answer

Face validity is the extent to which a test appears to measure what it claims to measure, while content validity involves ensuring the test covers a representative sample of the construct's domain. Face validity does not require a representative sample of behaviors.

Question 13

A treatment's practical utility,which does not follow automatically from statistical significance,is referred to assignificance.

Accepted Answer

Clinical significance refers to whether a treatment has real-world practical value or usefulness in treating a particular condition, beyond just statistical significance. It takes into account factors such as the size of treatment effects, the severity of symptoms, and the benefits versus potential harms of the treatment. While the other answer choices (A, B, D, E) may be related to the concept of practical utility, "clinical significance" is the most well-established and commonly used term in the field of healthcare and research.

Question 14

Coefficient alpha and split-half reliability are both methods for evaluating the internal consistency of a test.

Accepted Answer

Both coefficient alpha and split-half reliability are methods for evaluating the internal consistency of a test.

Question 15

Linda is clinical psychologist studying the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia in a certain population.She is carrying out a(n)study.

Accepted Answer

Linda is studying the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia in a certain population, which falls under the category of epidemiological study. Epidemiology deals with the study of the distribution and determinants of health and diseases in human populations.

Question 16

According to the text,the case study is a(n)approach used in the investigation of abnormal behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The case study approach is an ideographic approach that focuses on a single individual or a small group of individuals in order to gain in-depth understanding of their unique experiences and behaviours. This approach is often used in the investigation of abnormal behaviour.

Question 17

A test cannot be deemed reliable without having established validity.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (a test is reliable if it consistently produces the same results under the same conditions), while validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (a test is valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure). A test can be reliable without being valid; reliability is a prerequisite for validity, but a test can consistently measure something consistently (reliable) without measuring what it's supposed to measure (valid).

Question 18

If two variables,A and B,are related then we can say all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The statement "A causes B" is too strong and cannot be inferred without further evidence. It is possible that B may be causing A or that another variable is causing both A and B. Therefore, the correct statement would be that there is a relationship between A and B, and that some other variable, C, may be causing both A and B.

Question 19

It's important for psychologists to focus upon mental and/or psychological variables,and to exclude medical and physical health variables from their assessment.

Accepted Answer

It is important for psychologists to consider the whole person, which includes physical and medical health variables. These variables can have a significant impact on mental and psychological well-being. Ignoring them can lead to incomplete or inaccurate assessments and treatment plans.

Question 20

Leanne is conducting a study in which she is examining the difference in rates of bipolar disorder between monozygotic and dizygotic twins pairs.The term most frequently used to describe this sort of study is

Accepted Answer

The term most frequently used to describe this sort of study is a twin study as Leanne is examining the difference in rates of bipolar disorder between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins pairs.

Quiz 4: Psychological Assessment and Research Methods