Question 1

Multi-infarct dementia- stem Though very similar in many ways to Alzheimer's disease,multi-infarct dementia (MID)differs importantly in that it is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Multi-infarct dementia is caused by a series of small strokes that result in the loss of blood supply to certain areas of the brain. These mini-strokes can occur over time and can lead to the gradual decline of cognitive abilities, including memory loss and difficulty thinking and communicating.

Question 2

Pseudodementia example- choice An 82-year-old man constantly feels sad,demoralized,and worthless.He also is experiencing significant memory problems.Based on this pattern of symptoms,physician examining Mr.Grah should take care to rule out which possible cause of his memory loss?

Accepted Answer

Pseudodementia is a condition where a person experiences memory problems that mimic those of dementia, but the underlying cause is depression or another psychiatric condition. Given the 82-year-old man's persistent feelings of sadness, demoralization, and worthlessness, pseudodementia is a possible explanation for his memory problems. The physician should rule out depression or other psychiatric conditions before considering other potential causes of the memory loss, such as polypharmacy, Pick's disease, or Lewy body dementia.

Question 3

Parkinson's disease- choice In ________________ disease,the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning,including having tremors,shuffling gait,and difficulties maintaining balance.

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, slow movements, rigidity, and difficulty with balance and coordination. Lewy's, Pick's, and Wernicke's diseases involve different neurological deficits such as cognitive impairment and hallucinations.

Question 4

Caregiver advice A woman is caring for her husband who suffers from advanced dementia.The National Institute of Aging would suggest that caregivers she should engage in which activity to help herself cope with caregiver burden?

Accepted Answer

Joining a caregiver's support group can provide emotional and practical support, as well as a sense of community and understanding with others in similar situations. Discontinuing ties with friends is not recommended as social support is important for caregivers. Moving the husband to a nursing home may not be feasible or desired by the caregiver, and finding a psychiatrist to prescribe antidepressants should not be the first line of action for caregiver burden.

Question 5

Mild cognitive impairment- stem The condition known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)is used in cases involving:

Accepted Answer

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, that is greater than expected for an individual's age and education level, but not severe enough to interfere with daily functioning. MCI is often considered a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Question 6

Anticholinesterase medicatoins Which medication that treats some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease falls into the category of anticholinesterases?

Accepted Answer

Donepezil hydrochloride is an anticholinesterase medication that is used to treat some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Memantine is another medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease, but it falls into a different category of drugs known as NMDA receptor antagonists. Lithium bicarbonate is a medication used to treat bipolar disorder and has no therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease. Beta amyloid is a protein involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease but is not a medication used to treat the disease.

Question 7

Memantine Memantine is a medication for Alzheimer's disease that is intended to produce which changes in the individual's brain?

Accepted Answer

Memantine is intended to protect against overexcitation of the neurons by blocking the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, which can contribute to neuronal damage and death in Alzheimer's disease.

Question 8

Newer medications for Alzheimer's disease Among the newer medications being used to interfere with the progression of Alzheimer's disease is MDA7,a drug that works on the _____________ system.

Accepted Answer

MDA7 works on the immune system to interfere with the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 9

Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

Accepted Answer

Forgetting names of good friends or family is a key symptom of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. While occasional absent-mindedness or difficulty naming a celebrity may be common, consistently forgetting the names of close loved ones is a concerning indicator of cognitive decline.

Question 10

Polypharmacy The condition known as _________ may increase the risk of cognitive disorders developing in older adults by overdiagnosis of prescription drugs.

Accepted Answer

Polypharmacy refers to the administration of multiple medications to a single patient, often resulting in adverse drug events, drug interactions, and impaired cognitive function. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment can lead to excessive drug use, which increases the risk of cognitive disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the best choice is B) polypharmacy, as it directly relates to the topic of overuse of prescription drugs in older adults. The other options, peptide poisoning, pseudodementia, and protein overloading, are not directly related to the topic and do not provide an accurate representation of the condition.

Quiz 5: Health and Prevention

Multi-infarct dementia- stem Though very similar in many ways to Alzheimer's disease,multi-infarct dementia (MID) differs importantly in that it is caused by: